정답: A,B,D
According to the CAMS Study Guide, the most commonly used risk criteria for assessing the money laundering and terrorist financing risks are country risk, customer risk, and product and service risk. These criteria are based on the FATF Recommendations and the Basel Committee's guidance on sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism.
Country risk refers to the level of exposure to potential money laundering and terrorist financing activities in a specific jurisdiction, based on factors such as the quality of its AML/CFT regime, its level of corruption, its political and economic stability, its involvement in illicit activities, and its cooperation with international bodies.
Customer risk refers to the level of exposure to potential money laundering and terrorist financing activities associated with a specific customer or customer segment, based on factors such as the nature and purpose of the business relationship, the source and destination of funds, the type and volume of transactions, the customer's profile and behavior, and the customer's geographic location.
Product and service risk refers to the level of exposure to potential money laundering and terrorist financing activities associated with a specific product or service offered by a financial institution, based on factors such as the complexity, transparency, anonymity, and accessibility of the product or service, the delivery channels and payment methods used, and the degree of oversight and monitoring applied.
Reputation risk is not a risk criterion for assessing the money laundering and terrorist financing risks, but rather a potential consequence of failing to manage those risks effectively. Reputation risk refers to the potential damage to the public trust and confidence in a financial institution due to its involvement or association with money laundering and terrorist financing activities, whether directly or indirectly.
References:
CAMS Study Guide, 6th Edition, Chapter 2: Risk Assessments, pp. 41-461
FATF Recommendations, Recommendation 1: Assessing Risks and Applying a Risk-Based Approach2 Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Sound management of risks related to money laundering and financing of terrorism, June 2017, pp. 9-143
