According to the USA PATRIOT Act, US authorities do have the power to subpoena records from foreign banks that maintain correspondent accounts with US banks. This is known as a "section 314(a) request," which allows law enforcement to obtain information related to suspected terrorist financing or money laundering.
However, US authorities are not limited to seizing only funds transferred under OFAC sanctions if there is an equivalent UN sanctions regime that has been contravened. The US government can impose its own sanctions that are independent of the UN, and can seize funds or take other actions to enforce those sanctions.
Therefore, the correct answers to the question are A and C:
A). If the funds are seized, then the foreign bank would be within its rights to dispute such seizure. C. The USA PATRIOT Act authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury or the Attorney General to subpoena records from the foreign bank that maintains a correspondent account with a US bank.

When assessing the risk rating of customers, financial institutions should consider various factors that may indicate the potential for money laundering, terrorist financing, or other illicit activities. According to the ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Examination1, some of the key risk factors are:
Customer risk: This refers to the characteristics of the customer that may affect their risk profile, such as their identity, occupation, source of funds, business activities, reputation, and political exposure. For example, customers who are politically exposed persons (PEPs), cash-intensive businesses, non-resident customers, or customers with complex ownership structures may pose a higher risk of money laundering or terrorist financing.
Geographic risk: This refers to the location of the customer, their business, or their transactions, and the level of risk associated with that location. For example, customers who are based in, operate in, or transact with jurisdictions that have weak anti-money laundering (AML) regulations, high levels of corruption, or are subject to sanctions or embargoes may pose a higher risk of money laundering or terrorist financing.
Product risk: This refers to the type of products or services that the customer uses or offers, and the level of risk associated with those products or services. For example, customers who use or offer products or services that are anonymous, complex, or facilitate cross-border transactions may pose a higher risk of money laundering or terrorist financing.
Other risk factors that may be considered include transaction risk, delivery channel risk, and industry risk2.
However, these are not among the options given in the question.
References: = Some of the references that support this answer are:
ACAMS Study Guide for the CAMS Certification Examination, Chapter 4, Section 4.1, pages 97-99:
"Customer Risk Factors", "Geographic Risk Factors", "Product Risk Factors".
Customer Risk Rating: Connecting Customer Risk Rating With Due Diligence, Section "Customer Risk Rating Factors": "Transaction Risk Factors", "Delivery Channel Risk Factors", "Industry Risk Factors".

A Penza scheme, also known as a Ponzi scheme, is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors1 The scheme relies on attracting new investors with unrealistic promises of high returns and low risk, while using their money to pay off the previous investors2 An unlicensed investment advisor who offers profits other investments cannot guarantee is likely to be involved in a Penza scheme, as this is a common way to entice unsuspecting victims3 The other options are not necessarily indicative of a Penza scheme, as they could be legitimate or involve other types of fraud.
1 Ponzi scheme - Wikipedia; 2 Ponzi Schemes: Definition, Examples, and Origins - Investopedia; 3 What is Ponzi Scheme? - Sanction Scanner

Dealers in antiques, precious metals, precious stones, jewelry, and art are advised to follow these practices to reduce the element of money laundering risk:
Verify the identities of all new vendors and customers and conduct due diligence on them. This is to ensure that the dealers know who they are dealing with and can assess the risk level of each customer or vendor. Due diligence may include obtaining and verifying identification documents, checking against sanctions lists or watchlists, obtaining information on the source and purpose of funds, and applying a risk-based approach to the level and frequency of due diligence.
Avoid accepting cash payment from the buyers. This is to prevent the dealers from being used as a conduit for laundering illicit cash or facilitating cash smuggling. Cash transactions are more difficult to trace and may indicate attempts to evade reporting or record-keeping requirements. Dealers should encourage the use of non- cash payment methods, such as bank transfers, cheques, or credit cards, and keep records of all payment transactions.
Insist all vendors submit an appropriate license issued by enforcement agencies authorizing the sale. This is to ensure that the dealers are not involved in the trade of stolen, smuggled, or counterfeit goods, which may be linked to money laundering or other criminal activities. Dealers should verify the authenticity and validity of the licenses and keep copies of them for record-keeping purposes.
FATF Guidance on the Risk-Based Approach for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones, pages 9-10, 13-14,
17-18, 21-22
AML-CFT Handbook for Dealers in Precious Metals and Stones, pages 25-26, 37-38, 52-53 The anti-money laundering framework for precious stones and metals dealers in Singapore, pages 7-8, 11-12,
15-16
Dealers in Precious Metals, Stones or Jewels Required to Establish Anti-Money Laundering Programs, pages
2-3, 6-7, 10-11

According to Section 313 of the USA PATRIOT Act, U.S. financial institutions are prohibited from maintaining correspondent accounts for foreign shell banks, which are banksthat have no physical presence in any country and are not affiliated with a regulated financial group. Therefore, a non-U.S. bank must provide the name and address of all shell banks that it maintains accounts for, if any, to its U.S. correspondent. This is to ensure that the U.S. financial institution does not indirectly provide services to shell banks, which pose a high risk of money laundering and terrorist financing.
According to Section 319 (b) of the USA PATRIOT Act, U.S. financial institutions that provide a correspondent account to a foreign bank must maintain records of the owners of the foreign bank and the name and address of a U.S. person who is authorized to receive service of legal process for records regarding the correspondent account. This is to facilitate the access of U.S. law enforcement authorities to information related to the correspondent account in case of an investigation or a subpoena.
The other two options, B and C, are not required by the USA PATRIOT Act, although they may be part of the due diligence or enhanced due diligence procedures that U.S. financial institutions apply to their foreign correspondent accounts, as per Section 312 of the USA PATRIOT Act.
USA PATRIOT Act
FACT SHEET for Section 312 of the USA PATRIOT Act Final Regulation and Notice of Proposed Rulemaking US PATRIOT ACT CAMS Exam: USA PATRIOT Act Requirements for Opening a Correspondent Account Reference:https://www.sec.gov/about/offices/ocie/amlsourcetool.htm