CISA-KR 문제 331
Ransomware is a type of malicious software that encrypts the victim's data and demands a ransom for its decryption1. Ransomware attacks can cause significant damage to an organization's operations, reputation, and finances1. Therefore, it is important to mitigate the impact of ransomware attacks by implementing effective prevention and recovery strategies.
One of the best ways to mitigate the impact of ransomware attacks is to back up data frequently12345. Data backups are copies of the organization's data that are stored in a separate location or medium, such as an external hard drive, cloud storage, or tape2. Data backups can help the organization restore its data in case of a ransomware attack, without paying the ransom or losing valuable information2. Data backups should be performed regularly, preferably daily or weekly, depending on the criticality and volume of the data2. Data backups should also be tested periodically to ensure their integrity and usability2.
The other options are not as effective as backing up data frequently in mitigating the impact of ransomware attacks. Invoking the disaster recovery plan (DRP) is a reactive measure that can help the organization resume its operations after a ransomware attack, but it does not prevent or reduce the damage caused by the attack3.
Paying the ransom is not a recommended option, as it does not guarantee the decryption of the data or the deletion of the stolen data by the attackers. Paying the ransom also encourages further attacks and funds criminal activities14. Requiring password changes for administrative accounts is a good security practice, but it is not sufficient to prevent or recover from ransomware attacks. Ransomware attacks can exploit other vulnerabilities, such as phishing emails, outdated software, or weak network security15.
References: 1: How to Mitigate the Risk of Ransomware Attacks: The Definitive Guide 2: Mitigating malware and ransomware attacks - The National Cyber Security Centre 3: 3 steps to prevent and recover from ransomware 4: Ransomware Epidemic: Use these 8 Strategies to Mitigate Risk 5: Practical Steps to Mitigate Ransomware Attacks - ITSecurityWire
CISA-KR 문제 332
An organization's audit charter primarily describes the auditors' authority to conduct audits. The audit charter is a formal document that defines the purpose, scope, responsibilities, and reporting relationships of the internal audit function. It also establishes the auditors' right of access to information, records, personnel, and physical properties relevant to their work. The audit charter provides the basis for the auditors' independence and accountability to the governing body and senior management.
CISA-KR 문제 333
The most important thing to assess when conducting a business impact analysis (BIA) is the completeness of critical asset inventory. This is because the critical asset inventory is the basis for identifying and prioritizing the business processes, functions, and resources that are essential for the continuity of operations. The critical asset inventory should include both tangible and intangible assets, such as hardware, software, data, personnel, facilities, contracts, and reputation. The critical asset inventory should also be updated regularly to reflect any changes in the business environment or needs. References:
CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 5, Section 5.41
CISA Online Review Course, Domain 3, Module 3, Lesson 12
CISA-KR 문제 334
The type of risk associated with the potential for the auditor to miss a sequence of logged events that could indicate an error in the IPS configuration is detection risk. Detection risk is the risk that the auditor's procedures will not detect a material misstatement or error that exists in an assertion or a control. Detection risk can be affected by factors such as the nature, timing, and extent of the audit procedures, the quality and sufficiency of the audit evidence, and the auditor's professional judgment and competence. Detection risk can be reduced by applying appropriate audit techniques, such as sampling, testing, observation, inquiry, and analysis. References:
CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)
CISA Questions, Answers & Explanations Database
CISA-KR 문제 335
The first thing that an IS auditor should do when a follow-up audit reveals some management action plans have not been initiated is to escalate the lack of plan completion to executive management. This is because the failure to implement the agreed management action plans may indicate that the management is not taking the audit findings and recommendations seriously, or that they are accepting too much risk by not addressing the identified issues. Escalating the lack of plan completion to executive management can help to raise awareness and accountability, as well as to seek support and intervention to ensure that the management action plans are executed in a timely and effective manner12.
Confirming whether the identified risks are still valid is not the first thing to do, although it may be a useful step to reassess the current situation and the potential impact of not implementing the management action plans. However, confirming the validity of the risks does not address the root cause of why the management action plans have not been initiated, nor does it provide any assurance or remediation for the unresolved issues34.
Providing a report to the audit committee is not the first thing to do, although it may be a necessary step to communicate and document the results of the follow-up audit. However, providing a report to the audit committee does not guarantee that the management action plans will be initiated, nor does it resolve any conflicts or challenges that may prevent the management from implementing them34.
Requesting an additional action plan review to confirm the findings is not the first thing to do, although it may be a prudent step to verify and validate the accuracy and completeness of the follow-up audit. However, requesting an additional review may delay or defer the implementation of the management action plans, as well as consume more internal audit resources and time
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