CISA-KR 문제 326
다음 중 경영진의 구현 후 검토가 효과적이었다는 IS 감사인의 가장 좋은 표시는 무엇입니까?
정답: A
Explanation
The best indication to an IS auditor that management's post-implementation review was effective is that lessons learned were documented and applied, as this shows that the management has identified and addressed the issues and gaps that arose during the implementation, and has improved the processes and practices for future projects. Business and IT stakeholders participating in the post-implementation review is a good practice, but it does not guarantee that the review was effective or that the outcomes were implemented.
Post-implementation review being a formal phase in the system development life cycle (SDLC) is a requirement, but it does not ensure that the review was effective or that the outcomes were implemented. Internal audit follow-up being completed without any findings is a desirable result, but it does not indicate that the management's post-implementation review was effective or that the outcomes were implemented. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 3: Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation, Section 3.2: Project Management Practices1
The best indication to an IS auditor that management's post-implementation review was effective is that lessons learned were documented and applied, as this shows that the management has identified and addressed the issues and gaps that arose during the implementation, and has improved the processes and practices for future projects. Business and IT stakeholders participating in the post-implementation review is a good practice, but it does not guarantee that the review was effective or that the outcomes were implemented.
Post-implementation review being a formal phase in the system development life cycle (SDLC) is a requirement, but it does not ensure that the review was effective or that the outcomes were implemented. Internal audit follow-up being completed without any findings is a desirable result, but it does not indicate that the management's post-implementation review was effective or that the outcomes were implemented. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 3: Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation, Section 3.2: Project Management Practices1
CISA-KR 문제 327
시스템 개발 프로젝트의 타당성 조사를 감사할 때 IS 감사인은 다음을 수행해야 합니다.
정답: C
Explanation
A feasibility study is an assessment that determines the likelihood of a proposed project being successful, such as a new system development1. A feasibility study typically covers various aspects of the project, such as technical, economic, operational and legal feasibility2. The IS auditor's role is to audit the feasibility study and ensure that it is objective, realistic and reliable3.
One of the most important aspects of a feasibility study is the economic feasibility, which analyzes the costs and benefits of the proposed system and compares them with alternative solutions2. The economic feasibility study should include a detailed breakdown of the development, implementation and operational costs, as well as the expected revenues, savings and intangible benefits of the system3. The IS auditor should review the cost-benefit documentation for reasonableness and accuracy, and verify that the assumptions and calculations are valid and supported by evidence3.
The other options are not directly related to auditing the feasibility study of a system development project.
Reviewing qualifications of key members of the project team (option A) is more relevant to auditing the project management and human resources aspects of the project. Reviewing the request for proposal (RFP) to ensure that it covers the scope of work (option B) is more relevant to auditing the procurement and vendor selection process of the project. Ensuring that vendor contracts are reviewed by legal counsel (option D) is more relevant to auditing the legal and contractual aspects of the project.
References: 3: Types of Feasibility Study in Software Project Development 2: Feasibility Analysis in System Development Process 1: What Is a Feasibility Study? Definition, Benefits and Types
A feasibility study is an assessment that determines the likelihood of a proposed project being successful, such as a new system development1. A feasibility study typically covers various aspects of the project, such as technical, economic, operational and legal feasibility2. The IS auditor's role is to audit the feasibility study and ensure that it is objective, realistic and reliable3.
One of the most important aspects of a feasibility study is the economic feasibility, which analyzes the costs and benefits of the proposed system and compares them with alternative solutions2. The economic feasibility study should include a detailed breakdown of the development, implementation and operational costs, as well as the expected revenues, savings and intangible benefits of the system3. The IS auditor should review the cost-benefit documentation for reasonableness and accuracy, and verify that the assumptions and calculations are valid and supported by evidence3.
The other options are not directly related to auditing the feasibility study of a system development project.
Reviewing qualifications of key members of the project team (option A) is more relevant to auditing the project management and human resources aspects of the project. Reviewing the request for proposal (RFP) to ensure that it covers the scope of work (option B) is more relevant to auditing the procurement and vendor selection process of the project. Ensuring that vendor contracts are reviewed by legal counsel (option D) is more relevant to auditing the legal and contractual aspects of the project.
References: 3: Types of Feasibility Study in Software Project Development 2: Feasibility Analysis in System Development Process 1: What Is a Feasibility Study? Definition, Benefits and Types
CISA-KR 문제 328
데이터 분류 프로그램을 만들 때 첫 번째 단계는 무엇입니까?
정답: D
Explanation
The first step when creating a data classification program is to develop a policy (D). A data classification policy is a document that defines the purpose, scope, objectives, roles, responsibilities, and procedures of the data classification program. A data classification policy is essential for establishing the governance framework, standards, and guidelines for the data classification process. A data classification policy also helps to communicate the expectations and benefits of the data classification program to the stakeholders, such as data owners, users, custodians, and auditors12.
Categorizing and prioritizing data (A) is not the first step when creating a data classification program, but the third step. Categorizing and prioritizing data involves defining and applying the criteria and labels for classifying data based on its sensitivity, value, and risk. For example, data can be categorized into public, internal, confidential, or restricted levels. Categorizing and prioritizing data helps to identify and protect the most critical and sensitive data assets of the organization12.
Developing data process maps (B) is not the first step when creating a data classification program, but the fourth step. Developing data process maps involves documenting and analyzing the flow and lifecycle of data within the organization. Data process maps show how data is created, collected, stored, processed, transmitted, used, shared, archived, and disposed of. Developing data process maps helps to understand the context and dependencies of data, as well as to identify and mitigate any potential risks or issues related to data quality, security, or compliance12.
Categorizing information by owner is not the first step when creating a data classification program, but the second step. Categorizing information by owner involves assigning roles and responsibilities for each type of data based on its ownership and stewardship. Data owners are the individuals or entities that have the authority and accountability for the data. Data stewards are the individuals or entities that have the operational responsibility for managing and maintaining the data. Data custodians are the individuals or entities that have the technical responsibility for implementing and enforcing the security and access controls for the data12.
References:
7 Steps to Effective Data Classification | CDW
Data Classification: The Basics and a 6-Step Checklist - NetApp
The first step when creating a data classification program is to develop a policy (D). A data classification policy is a document that defines the purpose, scope, objectives, roles, responsibilities, and procedures of the data classification program. A data classification policy is essential for establishing the governance framework, standards, and guidelines for the data classification process. A data classification policy also helps to communicate the expectations and benefits of the data classification program to the stakeholders, such as data owners, users, custodians, and auditors12.
Categorizing and prioritizing data (A) is not the first step when creating a data classification program, but the third step. Categorizing and prioritizing data involves defining and applying the criteria and labels for classifying data based on its sensitivity, value, and risk. For example, data can be categorized into public, internal, confidential, or restricted levels. Categorizing and prioritizing data helps to identify and protect the most critical and sensitive data assets of the organization12.
Developing data process maps (B) is not the first step when creating a data classification program, but the fourth step. Developing data process maps involves documenting and analyzing the flow and lifecycle of data within the organization. Data process maps show how data is created, collected, stored, processed, transmitted, used, shared, archived, and disposed of. Developing data process maps helps to understand the context and dependencies of data, as well as to identify and mitigate any potential risks or issues related to data quality, security, or compliance12.
Categorizing information by owner is not the first step when creating a data classification program, but the second step. Categorizing information by owner involves assigning roles and responsibilities for each type of data based on its ownership and stewardship. Data owners are the individuals or entities that have the authority and accountability for the data. Data stewards are the individuals or entities that have the operational responsibility for managing and maintaining the data. Data custodians are the individuals or entities that have the technical responsibility for implementing and enforcing the security and access controls for the data12.
References:
7 Steps to Effective Data Classification | CDW
Data Classification: The Basics and a 6-Step Checklist - NetApp
CISA-KR 문제 329
분산망을 갖춘 국세청은 매년 연말이 되면 지방청에 대규모 트래픽이 유입되어 서비스 중단을 겪는다. 다음 중 대행사가 바쁜 기간 동안 서버 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법은 무엇입니까?
정답: C
Explanation
A load balancer is a tool or application that distributes incoming network traffic among multiple servers in a server farm, so that no server is overwhelmed and the performance of the system is optimized1. A load balancer can help the agency to handle the large influx of traffic to a regional office by balancing the workload among the available servers and preventing service disruptions. A load balancer can also provide high availability and fault tolerance by rerouting traffic to online servers if a server becomes unavailable2.
A virtual firewall is a software-based firewall that protects a virtual network or environment from unauthorized access and malicious attacks. A virtual firewall can enhance the security of the agency's network, but it does not improve the performance of its servers.
A proxy server is an intermediary server that acts as a gateway between the client and the destination server, hiding the client's IP address and providing caching and filtering functions. A proxy server can improve the security and privacy of the agency's network, but it does not improve the performance of its servers.
A virtual private network (VPN) is a secure connection between two or more devices over a public network, such as the internet. A VPN can encrypt and protect the data transmitted over the network, but it does not improve the performance of the agency's servers.
A load balancer is a tool or application that distributes incoming network traffic among multiple servers in a server farm, so that no server is overwhelmed and the performance of the system is optimized1. A load balancer can help the agency to handle the large influx of traffic to a regional office by balancing the workload among the available servers and preventing service disruptions. A load balancer can also provide high availability and fault tolerance by rerouting traffic to online servers if a server becomes unavailable2.
A virtual firewall is a software-based firewall that protects a virtual network or environment from unauthorized access and malicious attacks. A virtual firewall can enhance the security of the agency's network, but it does not improve the performance of its servers.
A proxy server is an intermediary server that acts as a gateway between the client and the destination server, hiding the client's IP address and providing caching and filtering functions. A proxy server can improve the security and privacy of the agency's network, but it does not improve the performance of its servers.
A virtual private network (VPN) is a secure connection between two or more devices over a public network, such as the internet. A VPN can encrypt and protect the data transmitted over the network, but it does not improve the performance of the agency's servers.
CISA-KR 문제 330
조직에서는 PKI(공개 키 인프라)를 사용하여 이메일 보안을 제공합니다. 다음 중 전자 메일 메시지가 전송 중에 수정되었는지 확인하는 가장 효율적인 방법은 무엇입니까?
정답: C
Explanation
This method is known as creating a digital signature of the message. It ensures the integrity of the message by verifying that it has not been tampered with in transit. The process involves hashing the message and encrypting the hash value with the sender's private key. Any changes to the message will result in a different hash value1. This method is used in DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), which verifies an email's domain and helps show that the email has not been tampered with in transit2.
References:
Understanding Digital Signatures | CISA
Using DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) in your organisation
This method is known as creating a digital signature of the message. It ensures the integrity of the message by verifying that it has not been tampered with in transit. The process involves hashing the message and encrypting the hash value with the sender's private key. Any changes to the message will result in a different hash value1. This method is used in DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), which verifies an email's domain and helps show that the email has not been tampered with in transit2.
References:
Understanding Digital Signatures | CISA
Using DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) in your organisation
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