CISA-KR 문제 151
다음 중 방화벽이 조직의 보안 정책에 따라 구성되었는지 여부를 확인하는 가장 좋은 감사 절차는 무엇입니까?
정답: A
Explanation
The best audit procedure to determine whether a firewall is configured in compliance with the organization's security policy is reviewing the parameter settings. Parameter settings are values or options that define how a firewall operates and functions, such as rules, filters, ports, protocols, etc. By reviewing the parameter settings of a firewall, an IS auditor can verify whether they match with the organization's security policy, which is a document that outlines the security objectives, requirements, and guidelines for an organization's information systems and resources. Reviewing the system log is a possible audit procedure to determine whether a firewall is configured in compliance with the organization's security policy, but it is not the best one, as a system log records events or activities that occur on a firewall, such as connections, requests, responses, errors, alerts, etc., and may not indicate whether they comply with the organization's security policy. Interviewing the firewall administrator is a possible audit procedure to determine whether a firewall is configured in compliance with the organization's security policy, but it is not the best one, as a firewall administrator may not provide accurate or reliable information about the firewall configuration, and may have conflicts of interest or ulterior motives. Reviewing the actual procedures is a possible audit procedure to determine whether a firewall is configured in compliance with the organization's security policy, but it is not the best one, as actual procedures describe how a firewall is configured and maintained, such as installation, testing, updating, etc., and may not reflect whether they comply with the organization's security policy.
The best audit procedure to determine whether a firewall is configured in compliance with the organization's security policy is reviewing the parameter settings. Parameter settings are values or options that define how a firewall operates and functions, such as rules, filters, ports, protocols, etc. By reviewing the parameter settings of a firewall, an IS auditor can verify whether they match with the organization's security policy, which is a document that outlines the security objectives, requirements, and guidelines for an organization's information systems and resources. Reviewing the system log is a possible audit procedure to determine whether a firewall is configured in compliance with the organization's security policy, but it is not the best one, as a system log records events or activities that occur on a firewall, such as connections, requests, responses, errors, alerts, etc., and may not indicate whether they comply with the organization's security policy. Interviewing the firewall administrator is a possible audit procedure to determine whether a firewall is configured in compliance with the organization's security policy, but it is not the best one, as a firewall administrator may not provide accurate or reliable information about the firewall configuration, and may have conflicts of interest or ulterior motives. Reviewing the actual procedures is a possible audit procedure to determine whether a firewall is configured in compliance with the organization's security policy, but it is not the best one, as actual procedures describe how a firewall is configured and maintained, such as installation, testing, updating, etc., and may not reflect whether they comply with the organization's security policy.
CISA-KR 문제 152
경영진은 직원이 조직 외부에 첨부 파일로 의도적 또는 비의도적으로 전자 메일로 민감한 정보를 보내는 것에 대해 우려하고 있습니다. 관련 이메일 제어를 구현하기 전에 가장 중요한 작업은 무엇입니까?
정답: C
Explanation
The most important task before implementing any associated email controls to prevent sensitive information from being emailed outside the organization by employees is to develop an information classification scheme.
An information classification scheme is a framework that defines the categories and levels of sensitivity for different types of information, such as public, internal, confidential, or secret. An information classification scheme can help implement email controls by providing criteria and guidelines for identifying, labeling, handling, and protecting sensitive information in email attachments. The other options are not as important as developing an information classification scheme, as they do not address the root cause of the problem or provide the same benefits. Requiring all employees to sign nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) is a legal control that can help deter or penalize employees from disclosing sensitive information, but it does not prevent them from emailing it outside the organization. Developing an acceptable use policy for end-user computing (EUC) is a governance control that can help define and communicate the rules and expectations for using IT resources, such as email, but it does not prevent employees from emailing sensitive information outside the organization. Providing notification to employees about possible email monitoring is a transparency control that can help inform and warn employees about the potential consequences of emailing sensitive information outside the organization, but it does not prevent them from doing so. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 5, Section 5.3.2
The most important task before implementing any associated email controls to prevent sensitive information from being emailed outside the organization by employees is to develop an information classification scheme.
An information classification scheme is a framework that defines the categories and levels of sensitivity for different types of information, such as public, internal, confidential, or secret. An information classification scheme can help implement email controls by providing criteria and guidelines for identifying, labeling, handling, and protecting sensitive information in email attachments. The other options are not as important as developing an information classification scheme, as they do not address the root cause of the problem or provide the same benefits. Requiring all employees to sign nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) is a legal control that can help deter or penalize employees from disclosing sensitive information, but it does not prevent them from emailing it outside the organization. Developing an acceptable use policy for end-user computing (EUC) is a governance control that can help define and communicate the rules and expectations for using IT resources, such as email, but it does not prevent employees from emailing sensitive information outside the organization. Providing notification to employees about possible email monitoring is a transparency control that can help inform and warn employees about the potential consequences of emailing sensitive information outside the organization, but it does not prevent them from doing so. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 5, Section 5.3.2
CISA-KR 문제 153
사고 대응 팀은 네트워크 서브넷에서 바이러스 발생에 대한 알림을 받았습니다. 다음 중 NEXT 단계는 무엇입니까?
정답: B
Explanation
An incident response team has been notified of a virus outbreak in a network subnet. The next step should be to focus on limiting the damage by containing the virus and preventing it from spreading further. This may involve isolating the affected systems, disconnecting them from the network, blocking malicious traffic or applying patches or antivirus updates. Verifying that the compromised systems are fully functional, documenting the incident and removing and restoring the affected systems are possible steps that could be taken after limiting the damage. References:
[Incident Response Definition]
[Incident Response Process | ISACA]
[Virus Definition]
An incident response team has been notified of a virus outbreak in a network subnet. The next step should be to focus on limiting the damage by containing the virus and preventing it from spreading further. This may involve isolating the affected systems, disconnecting them from the network, blocking malicious traffic or applying patches or antivirus updates. Verifying that the compromised systems are fully functional, documenting the incident and removing and restoring the affected systems are possible steps that could be taken after limiting the damage. References:
[Incident Response Definition]
[Incident Response Process | ISACA]
[Virus Definition]
CISA-KR 문제 154
조직이 원격 인력으로 전환하고 있습니다. 준비 과정에서 IT 부서는 원격 액세스 인프라 및 시스템의 스트레스 및 용량 테스트를 수행합니다. 어떤 유형의 제어가 구현되고 있습니까?
정답: A
Explanation
An organization is shifting to a remote workforce. In preparation, the IT department is performing stress and capacity testing of remote access infrastructure and systems. This type of control is being implemented to direct or guide actions to achieve a desired outcome. Therefore, it is a directive control. Directive controls are proactive controls that seek to prevent undesirable events from occurring. They include policies, standards, procedures, guidelines, training, and testing. Detective controls are reactive controls that seek to identify undesirable events that have already occurred. They include monitoring, logging, auditing, and reporting.
Preventive controls are proactive controls that seek to avoid undesirable events from occurring. They include authentication, encryption, firewalls, and antivirus software. Compensating controls are alternative controls that provide a similar level of protection as the primary controls when the primary controls are not feasible or cost-effective. They include segregation of duties, manual reviews, and backup systems. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), [ISACA Glossary of Terms]
An organization is shifting to a remote workforce. In preparation, the IT department is performing stress and capacity testing of remote access infrastructure and systems. This type of control is being implemented to direct or guide actions to achieve a desired outcome. Therefore, it is a directive control. Directive controls are proactive controls that seek to prevent undesirable events from occurring. They include policies, standards, procedures, guidelines, training, and testing. Detective controls are reactive controls that seek to identify undesirable events that have already occurred. They include monitoring, logging, auditing, and reporting.
Preventive controls are proactive controls that seek to avoid undesirable events from occurring. They include authentication, encryption, firewalls, and antivirus software. Compensating controls are alternative controls that provide a similar level of protection as the primary controls when the primary controls are not feasible or cost-effective. They include segregation of duties, manual reviews, and backup systems. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), [ISACA Glossary of Terms]
CISA-KR 문제 155
프로젝트 평가 중에 IS 감사인은 비즈니스 소유자가 프로젝트 시작 단계에서 제거되었음을 발견합니다. 다음 중 이 상황에 대한 감사인의 가장 큰 관심사는 무엇입니까?
정답: D
Explanation
The answer D is correct because the greatest concern for an IS auditor with the situation of business owners being removed from the project initiation phase is that the requirements may be incomplete. The project initiation phase is the first step in starting a new project, where the project's purpose, scope, objectives, and deliverables are defined and documented. The project initiation phase also involves identifying and engaging the key stakeholders who have an interest or influence in the project, such as sponsors, customers, users, or business owners.
Business owners are the individuals or entities who have the authority and responsibility to define the business needs and expectations for the project. They are also the primary beneficiaries of the project outcomes and benefits. Business owners play a crucial role in the project initiation phase, as they provide valuable input and feedback on the requirements and specifications of the project. Requirements are the statements that describe what the project should accomplish or deliver to meet the business needs and expectations. Requirements are essential for guiding the project planning, execution, monitoring, and closure phases.
If business owners are removed from the project initiation phase, it can result in incomplete or inaccurate requirements, which can have negative impacts on the project's quality, scope, time, cost, and risk. Some of the possible consequences of incomplete requirements are:
Misalignment: The project may not align with the business strategy, vision, or goals, which can reduce its value or relevance.
Confusion: The project team may not have a clear understanding of what the project should achieve or deliver, which can affect their performance or productivity.
Rework: The project may need to undergo frequent changes or revisions to accommodate new or modified requirements, which can increase the time and cost of the project.
Dissatisfaction: The project may not meet the expectations or satisfaction of the business owners or other stakeholders, which can affect their acceptance or support of the project.
Failure: The project may not deliver the expected outcomes or benefits, which can affect its success or viability.
Therefore, an IS auditor should be concerned about the involvement and participation of business owners in the project initiation phase, as it affects the completeness and quality of requirements. An IS auditor should review the policies and procedures for stakeholder identification and engagement, verify that the business owners have adequate knowledge and skills to define their requirements, and test that the requirements are well-defined, documented, approved, and communicated.
References:
Project Initiation: The First Step to Project Management [2023] * Asana Everything you need to know about the project initiation phase Project Initiation Phase - The Business Professor Project Initiation: A Guide to Starting a Project Right Way - Kissflow
The answer D is correct because the greatest concern for an IS auditor with the situation of business owners being removed from the project initiation phase is that the requirements may be incomplete. The project initiation phase is the first step in starting a new project, where the project's purpose, scope, objectives, and deliverables are defined and documented. The project initiation phase also involves identifying and engaging the key stakeholders who have an interest or influence in the project, such as sponsors, customers, users, or business owners.
Business owners are the individuals or entities who have the authority and responsibility to define the business needs and expectations for the project. They are also the primary beneficiaries of the project outcomes and benefits. Business owners play a crucial role in the project initiation phase, as they provide valuable input and feedback on the requirements and specifications of the project. Requirements are the statements that describe what the project should accomplish or deliver to meet the business needs and expectations. Requirements are essential for guiding the project planning, execution, monitoring, and closure phases.
If business owners are removed from the project initiation phase, it can result in incomplete or inaccurate requirements, which can have negative impacts on the project's quality, scope, time, cost, and risk. Some of the possible consequences of incomplete requirements are:
Misalignment: The project may not align with the business strategy, vision, or goals, which can reduce its value or relevance.
Confusion: The project team may not have a clear understanding of what the project should achieve or deliver, which can affect their performance or productivity.
Rework: The project may need to undergo frequent changes or revisions to accommodate new or modified requirements, which can increase the time and cost of the project.
Dissatisfaction: The project may not meet the expectations or satisfaction of the business owners or other stakeholders, which can affect their acceptance or support of the project.
Failure: The project may not deliver the expected outcomes or benefits, which can affect its success or viability.
Therefore, an IS auditor should be concerned about the involvement and participation of business owners in the project initiation phase, as it affects the completeness and quality of requirements. An IS auditor should review the policies and procedures for stakeholder identification and engagement, verify that the business owners have adequate knowledge and skills to define their requirements, and test that the requirements are well-defined, documented, approved, and communicated.
References:
Project Initiation: The First Step to Project Management [2023] * Asana Everything you need to know about the project initiation phase Project Initiation Phase - The Business Professor Project Initiation: A Guide to Starting a Project Right Way - Kissflow
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