CISA-KR 문제 141
The first thing that an IS auditor should evaluate when reviewing an organization's response to new privacy legislation is the analysis of systems that contain privacy components. Privacy components are elements of a system that collect, process, store, or transmit personal information that is subject to privacy legislation. An analysis of systems that contain privacy components should identify what types of personal information are involved, where they are located, how they are used, who has access to them, and what risks or threats they face. An analysis of systems that contain privacy components is essential for determining the scope and impact of the new privacy legislation on the organization's systems and processes.
The other options are not as important as option D. An implementation plan for restricting the collection of personal information is a possible action, but not the first thing to evaluate, when reviewing an organization's response to new privacy legislation. An implementation plan for restricting the collection of personal information is a document that outlines how an organization will comply with the principle of data minimization, which states that personal information should be collected only for specific and legitimate purposes and only to the extent necessary for those purposes. An implementation plan for restricting the collection of personal information should be based on an analysis of systems that contain privacy components.
Privacy legislation in other countries that may contain similar requirements is a possible source of reference, but not the first thing to evaluate, when reviewing an organization's response to new privacy legislation.
Privacy legislation in other countries that may contain similar requirements is a set of laws or regulations that governs the protection of personal information in other jurisdictions that may have comparable or compatible standards or expectations as the new privacy legislation. Privacy legislation in other countries that may contain similar requirements may provide guidance or best practices for complying with the new privacy legislation. However, privacy legislation in other countries that may contain similar requirements should not be used as a substitute for an analysis of systems that contain privacy components. An operational plan for achieving compliance with the legislation is a possible deliverable, but not the first thing to evaluate, when reviewing an organization's response to new privacy legislation. An operational plan for achieving compliance with the legislation is a document that describes how an organization will implement and maintain the necessary policies, procedures, controls, and measures to comply with the new privacy legislation. An operational plan for achieving compliance with the legislation should be derived from an analysis of systems that contain privacy components. References: Privacy law - Wikipedia, Data Protection and Privacy Legislation Worldwide | UNCTAD, Data minimization - Wikipedia
CISA-KR 문제 142
Independence would be most impacted if an IS auditor were to assist with the implementation of recommended control enhancements, as this would create a conflict of interest and impair the objectivity and credibility of the IS auditor. Integrity, materiality, and accountability are important attributes of an IS auditor, but they are not directly affected by the involvement in the implementation of control enhancements. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 1: Information Systems Auditing Process, Section 1.1: IS Audit Standards, Guidelines and Codes of Ethics
CISA-KR 문제 143
The best way to determine whether unauthorized changes have been made to production programs is to use source code comparison software to compare the current version of the programs with the previous version or the approved version. This will identify any changes that have been made without proper authorization or documentation. Tracing PCRs to logs or vice versa will only verify that the authorized changes have been recorded, but not detect any unauthorized changes. References: Standards, Guidelines, Tools and Techniques - ISACA, section "IS Audit and Assurance Tools and Techniques"
CISA-KR 문제 144
The greatest impact as a result of the ongoing deterioration of a detective control is an increased number of false negatives in security logs. A detective control is a control that monitors and identifies any deviations or anomalies from the expected or normal behavior or performance of a system or process. A security log is a record of events or activities that occur within a system or network, such as user access, file changes, system errors, or security incidents. A false negative is a situation where a security log fails to detect or report an actual deviation or anomaly that has occurred, such as an unauthorized access, a malicious modification, or a security breach. An increased number of false negatives in security logs can have a significant impact on the organization's security posture and risk management, because it can prevent timely detection and response to security threats, compromise the accuracy and reliability of security monitoring and reporting, and undermine the accountability and auditability of user actions and transactions. The other options are not as impactful as an increased number of false negatives in security logs, because they either do not affect the detection capability of a detective control, or they have less severe consequences for security management. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, Chapter 5, Section 5.2.1
CISA-KR 문제 145
Machine shredding is the process of using a shredding machine to physically destroy the media and make the data unrecoverable. This is more effective than software formatting, which only erases the data logically and may leave traces that can be recovered by special tools1. Encrypting and destroying keys may prevent unauthorized access to the data, but it does not erase the data from the media. Wiping and rewriting three times is unnecessary and may reduce the lifespan of the media, especially for solid state drives2. Machine shredding is also recommended by various security standards and guidelines for media disposal345.
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