CISA-KR 문제 356
소규모 사내 IT 팀에서 개발한 새로운 복잡한 시스템에 대한 변경 및 릴리스 관리 통제에 대한 감사를 수행하는 IS 감사자가 가장 중요하게 고려해야 할 사항은 무엇입니까?
정답: D
Post-implementation testing is the process of verifying and validating the functionality, performance, and security of a system after it has been deployed to the production environment1. Post-implementation testing is important for ensuring that the system meets the user requirements and expectations, as well as the operational and business objectives. Post-implementation testing also helps to identify and resolve any defects, errors, or issues that may have occurred during the deployment process or that may have been missed during the previous testing stages2.
Therefore, the observation that post-implementation testing is not conducted for all system releases should be of greatest concern to an IS auditor performing an audit of change and release management controls for a new complex system developed by a small in-house IT team. This observation indicates that the system may have quality, reliability, or security problems that could affect the user satisfaction, system performance, or data integrity. This observation also suggests that the change and release management controls are not adequate or effective, as they do not ensure that all system releases are properly tested and validated before and after deployment.
Option A is not correct because access to change testing strategy and results is not restricted to staff outside the IT team is not a major concern for an IS auditor. While it is good practice to limit access to sensitive or confidential information, such as test data or test cases, to authorized personnel only, access to change testing strategy and results may not pose a significant risk to the system or the organization. Moreover, access to change testing strategy and results may be beneficial for some stakeholders outside the IT team, such as business users, project managers, or auditors, who may need to review or evaluate the testing process or outcomes.
Option B is not correct because some user acceptance testing (UAT) was completed by members of the IT team is not a major concern for an IS auditor. User acceptance testing is the process of verifying and validating that the system meets the user requirements and expectations by involving actual or representative users in the testing process3. While it is preferable to have independent and unbiased users perform UAT, it may not be feasible or practical for some organizations, especially those with small or limited resources.
Therefore, some UAT may be completed by members of the IT team, as long as they have sufficient knowledge and experience of the user needs and expectations, and as long as they follow the UAT plan and criteria.
Option C is not correct because IT administrators have access to the production and development environment is not a major concern for an IS auditor. IT administrators are responsible for managing and maintaining the IT infrastructure, including the production and development environments4. Therefore, it is reasonable and necessary for them to have access to both environments, as long as they follow the appropriate policies and procedures for accessing, using, and securing them. Moreover, IT administrators may need to perform tasks such as backup, restore, patching, or troubleshooting in both environments.
References:
What Is Post Implementation Testing?1
Post Implementation Review (PIR) - Definition & Process2
User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Definition & Examples3
What Is an IT Administrator? Definition & Examples4
Therefore, the observation that post-implementation testing is not conducted for all system releases should be of greatest concern to an IS auditor performing an audit of change and release management controls for a new complex system developed by a small in-house IT team. This observation indicates that the system may have quality, reliability, or security problems that could affect the user satisfaction, system performance, or data integrity. This observation also suggests that the change and release management controls are not adequate or effective, as they do not ensure that all system releases are properly tested and validated before and after deployment.
Option A is not correct because access to change testing strategy and results is not restricted to staff outside the IT team is not a major concern for an IS auditor. While it is good practice to limit access to sensitive or confidential information, such as test data or test cases, to authorized personnel only, access to change testing strategy and results may not pose a significant risk to the system or the organization. Moreover, access to change testing strategy and results may be beneficial for some stakeholders outside the IT team, such as business users, project managers, or auditors, who may need to review or evaluate the testing process or outcomes.
Option B is not correct because some user acceptance testing (UAT) was completed by members of the IT team is not a major concern for an IS auditor. User acceptance testing is the process of verifying and validating that the system meets the user requirements and expectations by involving actual or representative users in the testing process3. While it is preferable to have independent and unbiased users perform UAT, it may not be feasible or practical for some organizations, especially those with small or limited resources.
Therefore, some UAT may be completed by members of the IT team, as long as they have sufficient knowledge and experience of the user needs and expectations, and as long as they follow the UAT plan and criteria.
Option C is not correct because IT administrators have access to the production and development environment is not a major concern for an IS auditor. IT administrators are responsible for managing and maintaining the IT infrastructure, including the production and development environments4. Therefore, it is reasonable and necessary for them to have access to both environments, as long as they follow the appropriate policies and procedures for accessing, using, and securing them. Moreover, IT administrators may need to perform tasks such as backup, restore, patching, or troubleshooting in both environments.
References:
What Is Post Implementation Testing?1
Post Implementation Review (PIR) - Definition & Process2
User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Definition & Examples3
What Is an IT Administrator? Definition & Examples4
CISA-KR 문제 357
IS 감사자는 애플리케이션 시스템의 구현 후 검토를 수행하도록 지정되었습니다. 다음 중 어느 것이 감사자의 독립성을 손상시킬까요?
정답: A
The auditor implemented a specific control during the development of the system. This would impair the auditor's independence, as it would create a self-review threat, which is a situation where an auditor has to evaluate or review the results of his or her own work or judgment1. A self-review threat may compromise the auditor's objectivity and impartiality, as the auditor may be biased or influenced by his or her own involvement or interest in the system1. The auditor may also face a conflict of interest or a loss of credibility if he or she has to report on any issues or deficiencies related to the control he or she implemented.
CISA-KR 문제 358
다음 중 어떤 역할이 IT 프로젝트에서 이익이 실현되지 않을 위험을 완화하는 데 주로 책임이 있습니까?
정답: A
CISA-KR 문제 359
한 조직은 최근 모든 프로세서에 영향을 미치는 만연한 칩 수준 보안 취약성을 알게 되었습니다. 이 취약성이 악용되는 것을 방지하는 가장 좋은 방법은 다음 중 어느 것입니까?
정답: B
The best way to prevent a chip-level security vulnerability from being exploited is to install vendor patches. A chip-level security vulnerability is a flaw in the design or implementation of a processor that allows an attacker to bypass the normal security mechanisms and access privileged information or execute malicious code. A vendor patch is a software update provided by the manufacturer of the processor that fixes or mitigates the vulnerability. Installing vendor patches can help to protect the system from known exploits and reduce the risk of data leakage or compromise.
Security awareness training, reviewing hardware vendor contracts, and reviewing security log incidents are not as effective as installing vendor patches for preventing a chip-level security vulnerability from being exploited. Security awareness training is an educational program that teaches users about the importance of security and how to avoid common threats. Reviewing hardware vendor contracts is a legal process that evaluates the terms and conditions of the agreement between the organization and the processor supplier.
Reviewing security log incidents is an analytical process that examines the records of security events and activities on the system. These methods may be useful for other security purposes, but they do not directly address the root cause of the chip-level vulnerability or prevent its exploitation. References: Protecting your device against chip-related security vulnerabilities, New 'Downfall' Flaw Exposes Valuable Data in Generations of Intel Chips
Security awareness training, reviewing hardware vendor contracts, and reviewing security log incidents are not as effective as installing vendor patches for preventing a chip-level security vulnerability from being exploited. Security awareness training is an educational program that teaches users about the importance of security and how to avoid common threats. Reviewing hardware vendor contracts is a legal process that evaluates the terms and conditions of the agreement between the organization and the processor supplier.
Reviewing security log incidents is an analytical process that examines the records of security events and activities on the system. These methods may be useful for other security purposes, but they do not directly address the root cause of the chip-level vulnerability or prevent its exploitation. References: Protecting your device against chip-related security vulnerabilities, New 'Downfall' Flaw Exposes Valuable Data in Generations of Intel Chips
CISA-KR 문제 360
다음 중 IT 전략 수정 효과에 대한 가장 좋은 증거를 제공하는 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: B
The best evidence of an IT strategy correction's effectiveness is the synchronization of IT activities with corporate objectives. The IT strategy correction is a process of reviewing and adjusting the IT strategy to ensure that it aligns with and supports the corporate strategy and objectives. The synchronization of IT activities with corporate objectives means that the IT activities are consistent with and contribute to the achievement of the corporate goals and vision. The IS auditor can measure and evaluate the IT strategy correction's effectiveness by comparing the IT activities with the corporate objectives, and assessing whether they are aligned, integrated, and coordinated. The other options are not as good evidence of an IT strategy correction's effectiveness, because they either do not reflect the alignment of IT and business, or they are inputs or outputs of the IT strategy correction process rather than outcomes or results. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, Chapter 1, Section 1.2.1
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