CISA-KR 문제 216
Information security policies and procedures are the foundation of an organization's information security program. They define the roles, responsibilities, rules, and standards for protecting information assets from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, modification, or destruction. The most important factor when developing information security policies and procedures is to align them with an information security framework that provides a comprehensive and consistent approach to managing information security risks. An information security framework can also help ensure compliance with relevant regulations, inclusion of mission and objectives, and consultation with security staff. However, these factors are secondary to alignment with an information security framework. References: CISA Certification | Certified Information Systems Auditor | ISACA, CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)
CISA-KR 문제 217
Understanding the business process is the most important factor for an effective control self-assessment (CSA) program. A CSA program is a technique that allows managers and work teams directly involved in business units, functions or processes to participate in assessing the organization's risk management and control processes1. A CSA program can help identify risks and potential exposures to achieving strategic business objectives, evaluate the adequacy and effectiveness of controls, and implement remediation plans to address any gaps or weaknesses2. To conduct a successful CSA, it is essential to have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the business process under review, including its objectives, inputs, outputs, activities, resources, dependencies, stakeholders, performance indicators, etc. This will help to identify the relevant risks and controls associated with the process, as well as to evaluate their impact and likelihood. Determining the scope of the assessment, performing detailed test procedures, and evaluating changes to the risk environment are also important factors for an effective CSA program, but not as important as understanding the business process. These factors are more related to the execution and monitoring phases of the CSA program, while understanding the business process is related to the planning and preparation phase. Without a solid understanding of the business process, the scope, testing, and evaluation of the CSA may not be accurate or complete. References: ISACA CISA Review Manual 27th Edition, page 310
CISA-KR 문제 218
KPIs are not clearly defined is the most concerning finding for an IS auditor, because it implies that the third-party vendor does not have a clear understanding of what constitutes success or failure in their performance. This can lead to inaccurate or misleading reporting, poor decision making, and lack of accountability. KPIs should be SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound) and aligned with the business objectives and expectations of the stakeholders12. References: 1: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 5, Section 5.3.2 2: CISA Online Review Course, Module 5, Lesson 3
CISA-KR 문제 219
Analyzing risks posed by new regulations is an appropriate role of internal audit in helping to establish an organization's privacy program. An internal auditor can provide assurance and advisory services on the compliance and effectiveness of the privacy program, as well as identify and assess the potential risks and impacts of new or changing privacy regulations. The other options are not appropriate roles of internal audit, but rather the responsibilities of the management, the information security officer, or the privacy officer.
References:
CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 7, Section 7.4.21
CISA Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, Question ID 216
CISA-KR 문제 220
An IS auditor reviewing the threat assessment for a data center would be most concerned if all identified threats relate to external entities. This indicates that the threat assessment is incomplete and biased, as it ignores the potential threats from internal sources, such as employees, contractors, vendors, or authorized visitors. Internal threats can pose significant risks to the data center, as they may have access to sensitive information, systems, or facilities, and may exploit their privileges for malicious or fraudulent purposes. According to a study by IBM, 60% of cyberattacks in 2015 were carried out by insiders1 Some of the identified threats are unlikely to occur is not a cause for concern, as it shows that the threat assessment is comprehensive and realistic, and considers all possible scenarios, regardless of their probability. A threat assessment should not exclude any potential threats based on subjective judgments or assumptions, as they may still have a high impact if they materialize.
The exercise was completed by local management is not a cause for concern, as it shows that the threat assessment is conducted by the people who are most familiar with the data center's operations, environment, and risks. Local management may have more relevant and accurate information and insights than external parties, and may be more invested in the outcome of the threat assessment.
Neighboring organizations' operations have been included is not a cause for concern, as it shows that the threat assessment is holistic and contextual, and considers the interdependencies and influences of external factors on the data center's security. Neighboring organizations' operations may pose direct or indirect threats to the data center, such as physical damage, network interference, or shared vulnerabilities.
References:
IBM Security Services 2016 Cyber Security Intelligence Index 1
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