"The analysts responsible for each business unit must see all the data the board sees, except the profit and loss data, which must be restricted to only their business unit's data. The analysts must be able to build new reports from the dataset that contains the profit and loss data" => one dataset and two separate workspaces Reason: All data can be imported into one dataset also if these are two logical models. Shared dimensions can be reconsumed in both models. Reports and additional materials can be shared to the board with an app. The "profit and loss" data model needs RLS for the analysts and the analysts must have just read access to the original workspace. In a separate workspace with contributer (or more rights) they can create new reports (with live connection to the dataset). It is also stated that the new reports mustn't be shared so therefore no need to include them into the app. Import vs. DirectQuery: Due to RLS requirements an imported dataset is needed. It is not possible with file sources and Sharepoint lists.
Topic 1, Contoso Ltd
Overview
Contoso Ltd. is a manufacturing company that produces sports equipment. Contoso holds quarterly board meetings for which financial analysts manually prepare Microsoft Excel reports, including balance sheets and profit and loss statements for each of the company s four business units.
Data for the reports comes from the sources shown in the following table.

The balance sheet data is unrelated to the profit and loss results other than they both relate to dates.
The balance sheet data is imported and includes the final monthly balances of each account in the format shown in the following table.

The balance sheet data always includes a row for each account for each month.
The product catalog shows how products roll up to product categories, which roll up to the business units the product list is provided in the format shown in the following table.

Revenue data is provided at the date and product level. Expense data is provided at the date and department level.
Contoso wants the reports and datasets refreshed with minimum manual effort.
The company wants to provide the board with 3 single package of reports that will contain custom navigation and links to supplementary information.
Maintenance, including maturity updating data and access, must be minimized as much as possible.
The reports must be made available to the board from powerbi.com. A group in Microsoft Azure Active Director)' (Azure AD), part of Microsoft Entra. will be used to share information with the board. Contoso identifies the following security requirements for analyst access:
* Analysts must be able to access all balance sheet and product catalog data.
* Analysts must be able to access only the profit and loss data of their respective business unit
* Analysts must be able to create new reports from the dataset that contains the profit and loss data, but the reports built by the analysts must NOT be included in the quarterly reports for the board.
* Analysts must NOT be able to share the quarterly reports with anyone.
* Analysts must NOT be able to make new reports by using the balance sheet data.
You plan to relate the balance sheet table to a date table in Power Bl in a many-to-one relationship based on the last day of the month. At least one of the balance sheet reports in the quarterly reporting package must show the ending balances for the quarter, as well as for the previous quarter.
The date table will contain the columns shown in the following table.

The definitions and attributes for the products departments, and business units must be consistent across all the reports. The board must be able to get the following information from the quarterly reports:
* Revenue trends over time
* The ending balances of each account
* Changes m long-term liabilities from the previous quarter
* The percent of total revenue contributed by each product category
* A comparison of quarterly revenue versus the same quarter from the previous year The reports must be updated with the latest data by 5 AM each day.
Overview
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Existing Environment
Contoso, Ltd. is a manufacturing company that produces outdoor equipment Contoso has quarterly board meetings for which financial analysts manually prepare Microsoft Excel reports, including profit and loss statements for each of the company's four business units, a company balance sheet, and net income projections for the next quarter.
Data and Sources
Data for the reports comes from three sources. Detailed revenue, cost and expense data comes from an Azure SQL database. Summary balance sheet data comes from Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central. The balance sheet data is not related to the profit and loss results; other than they both relate to dates.
Monthly revenue and expense projections for the next quarter come from a Microsoft SharePoint Online list. Quarterly projections relate to the profit and loss results by using the following shared dimensions: date, business unit, department, and product category.
Net Income Projection Data
Net income projection data is stored in a SharePoint Online list named Projections in the format shown in the following table.

Revenue projections are set at the monthly level and summed to show projections for the quarter.
Balance Sheet Data
The balance sheet data is imported with final balances for each account per month in the format shown in the following table.

There is always a row for each account for each month in the balance sheet data.
Dynamics 365 Business Central Data
Business Central contains a product catalog that shows how products roll up to product categories, which roll up to business units. Revenue data is provided at the date and product level. Expense data is provided at the date and department level.
Business Issues
Historically, it has taken two analysts a week to prepare the reports for the quarterly board meetings. Also, there is usually at least one issue each quarter where a value in a report is wrong because of a bad cell reference in an Excel formula. On occasion, there are conflicting results in the reports because the products and departments that roll up to each business unit are not defined consistently.
Planned Changes
Contoso plans to automate and standardize the quarterly reporting process by using Microsoft Power Bl. The company wants to how long it takes to populate reports to less than two days. The company wants to create common logic for business units, products, and departments to be used across all reports, including, but not limited, to the quarterly reporting for the board.
Technical Requirements
Contoso wants the reports and datasets refreshed with minimal manual effort The company wants to provide a single package of reports to the board that contains custom navigation and links to supplementary information.
Maintenance, including manually updating data and access, must be minimized as much as possible.
Security Requirements
The reports must be made available to the board from powerbi.com. A mail-enabled security group will be used to share information with the board.
The analysts responsible for each business unit must see all the data the board sees, except the profit and loss data, which must be restricted to only their business unit's data. The analysts must be able to build new reports from the dataset that contains the profit and loss data, but any reports that the analysts build must not be included in the quarterly reports for the board. The analysts must not be able to share the quarterly reports with anyone.
Report Requirements
You plan to relate the balance sheet to a standard date table in Power Bl in a many-to-one relationship based on the last day of the month. At least one of the balance sheet reports in the quarterly reporting package must show the ending balances for the quarter, as well as for the previous quarter.
Projections must contain a column named RevenueProjection that contains the revenue projection amounts. A relationship must be created from Projections to a table named Date that contains the columns shown in the following table.

The relationships between products and departments to business units must be consistent across all reports.
The board must be able to get the following information from the quarterly reports:
* Revenue trends over time
* Ending balances for each account
* A comparison of expenses versus projections by quarter
* Changes in long-term liabilities from the previous quarter
* A comparison of quarterly revenue versus the same quarter during the prior year

SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR returns a table that contains a column of dates shifted one year back in time from the dates in the specified dates column, in the current context.
Reference:
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dax/sameperiodlastyear-function-dax