CISA-KR 문제 136
감사 대상자의 취약성 평가를 검토하는 IS 감사원의 가장 큰 우려 사항은 평가 내용이 다음과 같은 경우입니다.
정답: A
Comprehensive and Detailed Step-by-Step Explanation:
Conducting vulnerability assessmentsonly once per year, right before an audit,creates a false sense of securityandleaves systems exposedbetween assessments.
* Annual Testing Before Audit (Correct Answer - A)
* Risksundetected vulnerabilitiesfor extended periods.
* Example:A company only tests security before acompliance audit, allowingzero-day threatsto persist for months.
* Internal Team Conducting Assessments (Incorrect - B)
* Not ideal, butregular assessmentsare more critical.
* Focusing on Critical Systems (Incorrect - C)
* Not perfect, butbetter than no testing at all.
* Using Open-Source Tools (Incorrect - D)
* Open-source toolscan be effective ifproperly configured.
References:
* ISACA CISA Review Manual
* NIST 800-115 (Technical Guide to Security Testing)
Conducting vulnerability assessmentsonly once per year, right before an audit,creates a false sense of securityandleaves systems exposedbetween assessments.
* Annual Testing Before Audit (Correct Answer - A)
* Risksundetected vulnerabilitiesfor extended periods.
* Example:A company only tests security before acompliance audit, allowingzero-day threatsto persist for months.
* Internal Team Conducting Assessments (Incorrect - B)
* Not ideal, butregular assessmentsare more critical.
* Focusing on Critical Systems (Incorrect - C)
* Not perfect, butbetter than no testing at all.
* Using Open-Source Tools (Incorrect - D)
* Open-source toolscan be effective ifproperly configured.
References:
* ISACA CISA Review Manual
* NIST 800-115 (Technical Guide to Security Testing)
CISA-KR 문제 137
다음 중 어떤 방법이 재해 발생 후 임무에 중요한 데이터를 복원하는 데 필요한 백업 사본을 확보하는 데 가장 적합할까요?
정답: C
The best way to ensure that a backup copy is available for restoration of mission critical data after a disaster is to periodically test backups stored in a remote location. Testing backups is essential to verify that the backup copies are valid, complete, and recoverable. Testing backups also helps to identify any issues or errors that may affect the backup process or the restoration of data. Storing backups in a remote location is important to protect the backup copies from physical damage, theft, or unauthorized access that may occur at the primary site. Using an electronic vault for incremental backups, deploying a fully automated backup maintenance system, or using both tape and disk backup systems are not sufficient to ensure that a backup copy is available for restoration of mission critical data after a disaster, as they do not address the need for testing backups or storing them in a remote location. References: Backup and Recovery of Data: The Essential Guide | Veritas, The Truth About Data Backup for Mission-Critical Environments - DATAVERSITY.
CISA-KR 문제 138
새로운 시스템 구현 중에 IS 감사원이 각 마일스톤에서 위험 관리를 검토하도록 지정되었습니다. 감사원은 프로젝트 혜택에 대한 여러 위험이 해결되지 않았다는 것을 발견했습니다. 이러한 위험을 관리하는 데 누가 책임을 져야 합니까?
정답: D
The project manager should be accountable for managing the risks to project benefits. Project benefits are the expected outcomes or value that a project delivers to its stakeholders, such as improved efficiency, quality, customer satisfaction, or revenue. Project risks are uncertain events or conditions that may affect the project objectives, scope, budget, schedule, or quality. The project manager is responsible for identifying, analyzing, prioritizing, responding to, and monitoring project risks throughout the project life cycle. The other options are not accountable for managing project risks, as they have different roles and responsibilities. The enterprise risk manager is responsible foroverseeing the organization's overall risk management framework and strategy, but not for managing specific project risks. The project sponsor is responsible for initiating, approving, and supporting the project, but not for managing project risks. The information security officer is responsible for ensuring that the project complies with the organization's information security policies and standards, but not for managing project risks. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 3, Section 3.3
CISA-KR 문제 139
IS 감사원은 애플리케이션의 감사 추적을 다음과 같이 보장해야 합니다.
정답: A
An application's audit trail is a record of all actions or events that occur within or affect an application, such as user activities, system operations, data changes, errors, exceptions, etc. An audit trail can provide evidence and accountability for an application's functionality and performance, and support auditing, monitoring, troubleshooting, and investigation purposes. An IS auditor should ensure that an application's audit trail has adequate security, which means that it is protected from unauthorized access, modification, deletion, or disclosure. Adequate security can help ensure that an audit trail maintains its integrity, reliability, and availability, and prevents tampering or manipulation by attackers or insiders who want to hide their tracks or evidence of their actions. Logs all database records is a possible feature of an application's audit trail, but it is not the most important thing for an IS auditor to ensure, as logging all database records may not be necessary or feasible for some applications, and may generate excessive or irrelevant data that can affect the storage or analysis of the audit trail. Is accessible online is a possible feature of an application's audit trail, but it is not the most important thing for an IS auditor to ensure, as online accessibility may not be required or desirable for some applications, and may introduce security or privacy risks for the audit trail. Does not impact operational efficiency is a desirable outcome of an application's audit trail, but it is not the most important thing for an IS auditor to ensure, as operational efficiency may not be the primary objective or concern of an application's audit trail, and may depend on other factors or trade-offs such as storage capacity, performance speed, or data quality.
CISA-KR 문제 140
조직의 비즈니스에 중요한 서버 하드웨어에 대한 현장 예방 유지 관리를 검토하는 IS 감사자에게 가장 큰 관심사는 다음 중 무엇입니까?
정답: C
The answer C is correct because preventive maintenance is outsourced to multiple vendors without requiring nondisclosure agreements (NDAs) would be of greatest concern to an IS auditor reviewing on-site preventive maintenance for an organization's business-critical server hardware. This is because outsourcing preventive maintenance to multiple vendors without NDAs exposes the organization to the risk of unauthorized access, disclosure, or modification of sensitive data and information stored on the servers. NDAs are legal contracts that bind the vendors to protect the confidentiality and security of the data and information they access or handle during the preventive maintenance. Without NDAs, the vendors may not have any obligation or incentive to safeguard the data and information, and they may misuse, leak, or compromise them for malicious or commercial purposes. This could result in financial losses, reputational damage, legal liabilities, or regulatory penalties for the organization.
The other options are not as concerning as option C. Preventive maintenance costs exceed the business allocated budget (option A) is a financial issue that may affect the profitability or efficiency of the organization, but it does not directly impact the security or availability of the server hardware. Preventive maintenance has not been approved by the information system (option B) is a procedural issue that may indicate a lack of coordination or communication between the IT department and the business units, but it does not necessarily affect the quality or effectiveness of the preventive maintenance. The preventive maintenance schedule is based on mean time between failures (MTBF) parameters (option D) is a technical issue that may influence the frequency or timing of the preventive maintenance, but it does not imply any risk or deficiency in the preventive maintenance itself.
References:
* What is a Maintenance Audit?
* How to audit your preventative maintenance schedule
* 5 Step Maintenance Management Program Audit
* How do you get effective Preventive Maintenance really?
* What is a Planned Preventative Maintenance Audit?
The other options are not as concerning as option C. Preventive maintenance costs exceed the business allocated budget (option A) is a financial issue that may affect the profitability or efficiency of the organization, but it does not directly impact the security or availability of the server hardware. Preventive maintenance has not been approved by the information system (option B) is a procedural issue that may indicate a lack of coordination or communication between the IT department and the business units, but it does not necessarily affect the quality or effectiveness of the preventive maintenance. The preventive maintenance schedule is based on mean time between failures (MTBF) parameters (option D) is a technical issue that may influence the frequency or timing of the preventive maintenance, but it does not imply any risk or deficiency in the preventive maintenance itself.
References:
* What is a Maintenance Audit?
* How to audit your preventative maintenance schedule
* 5 Step Maintenance Management Program Audit
* How do you get effective Preventive Maintenance really?
* What is a Planned Preventative Maintenance Audit?
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