CISA-KR 문제 221
다음 중 조직의 사고 대응 프로그램의 효과를 나타내는 가장 좋은 지표는 무엇입니까?
정답: C
The best indicator of the effectiveness of an organization's incident response program is the financial impact per security event. This metric measures the direct and indirect costs associated with security incidents, such as loss of revenue, reputation damage, legal fees, recovery expenses, and fines. By reducing the financial impact per security event, the organization can demonstrate that its incident response program is effective in mitigating the consequences of security breaches and restoring normal operations as quickly as possible.
Number of successful penetration tests, percentage of protected business applications, and number of security vulnerability patches are indicators of the security posture of the organization, but they do not reflect the effectiveness of the incident response program. References: ISACA Journal Article: Measuring Incident Response Effectiveness
Number of successful penetration tests, percentage of protected business applications, and number of security vulnerability patches are indicators of the security posture of the organization, but they do not reflect the effectiveness of the incident response program. References: ISACA Journal Article: Measuring Incident Response Effectiveness
CISA-KR 문제 222
CFO가 월말 보고 기간 중 일련의 재무 시스템 속도 저하로 인해 IT 용량 관리에 대한 감사를 요청했습니다. 이 감사를 프로그램에 포함하기 전에 가장 중요하게 고려해야 할 사항은 무엇입니까?
정답: B
The most important thing to consider before including an audit of IT capacity management in the program is whether the system's performance poses a significant risk to the organization. IT capacity management is a process that ensures that IT resources are sufficient to meet current and future business needs, and that they are optimized for cost and performance. A poor IT capacity management can result in system slowdowns, outages, failures, or breaches, which can affect the availability, reliability, security, and efficiency of IT services and business processes. Therefore, before conducting an audit of IT capacity management, the auditor should assess the potential impact and likelihood of these risks on the organization's objectives, reputation, compliance, and customer satisfaction.
Whether system delays result in more frequent use of manual processing (option A) is not the most important thing to consider before including an audit of IT capacity management in the program, as it is only one possible consequence of poor IT capacity management. Manual processing can introduce errors, delays, inefficiencies, and inconsistencies in the data and reports, which can affect the quality and accuracy of financial information. However, manual processing is not the only or the worst outcome of poor IT capacity management; there may be other more severe or frequent risks that need to be considered.
Whether stakeholders are committed to assisting with the audit (option C) is also not the most important thing to consider before including an audit of IT capacity management in the program, as it is a factor that affects the feasibility and effectiveness of the audit, not the necessity or priority of it. Stakeholder commitment is important for ensuring that the auditor has access to relevant information, documents, data, and personnel, as well as for facilitating communication, collaboration, and feedback during the audit process. However, stakeholder commitment is not a sufficient reason to conduct an audit of IT capacity management; there must be a clear risk-based rationale for selecting this area for audit.
Whether internal auditors have the required skills to perform the audit (option D) is also not the most important thing to consider before including an audit of IT capacity management in the program, as it is a factor that affects the quality and credibility of the audit, not the urgency or importance of it. Internal auditors should have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and experience to perform an audit of IT capacity management, which may include technical, business, analytical, and communication skills. However, internal auditors can also acquire or supplement these skills through training, coaching, consulting, or outsourcing.
Therefore, internal auditors' skills are not a decisive factor for choosing this area for audit.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
References:
Guide to IT Capacity Management | Smartsheet
ISO 27001 capacity management: How to implement control A.12.1.3 - Advisera ISO 27002:2022 - Control 8.6 - Capacity Management
Whether system delays result in more frequent use of manual processing (option A) is not the most important thing to consider before including an audit of IT capacity management in the program, as it is only one possible consequence of poor IT capacity management. Manual processing can introduce errors, delays, inefficiencies, and inconsistencies in the data and reports, which can affect the quality and accuracy of financial information. However, manual processing is not the only or the worst outcome of poor IT capacity management; there may be other more severe or frequent risks that need to be considered.
Whether stakeholders are committed to assisting with the audit (option C) is also not the most important thing to consider before including an audit of IT capacity management in the program, as it is a factor that affects the feasibility and effectiveness of the audit, not the necessity or priority of it. Stakeholder commitment is important for ensuring that the auditor has access to relevant information, documents, data, and personnel, as well as for facilitating communication, collaboration, and feedback during the audit process. However, stakeholder commitment is not a sufficient reason to conduct an audit of IT capacity management; there must be a clear risk-based rationale for selecting this area for audit.
Whether internal auditors have the required skills to perform the audit (option D) is also not the most important thing to consider before including an audit of IT capacity management in the program, as it is a factor that affects the quality and credibility of the audit, not the urgency or importance of it. Internal auditors should have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and experience to perform an audit of IT capacity management, which may include technical, business, analytical, and communication skills. However, internal auditors can also acquire or supplement these skills through training, coaching, consulting, or outsourcing.
Therefore, internal auditors' skills are not a decisive factor for choosing this area for audit.
Therefore, option B is the correct answer.
References:
Guide to IT Capacity Management | Smartsheet
ISO 27001 capacity management: How to implement control A.12.1.3 - Advisera ISO 27002:2022 - Control 8.6 - Capacity Management
CISA-KR 문제 223
클라이언트를 위해 내부 및 외부 침투 테스트를 수행할 계획을 세울 때 다음 중 가장 먼저 수행해야 하는 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: D
The rules of engagement define the scope, objectives, methodology, deliverables, and limitations of the penetration testing. They also specify the legal and ethical boundaries, communication channels, and escalation procedures. Establishing the rules of engagement is the first step when planning to conduct penetration testing for a client, as it ensures that both parties agree on the expectations and outcomes of the testing. The other options are important steps, but they should be done after the rules of engagement are established. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version) 1, page 381.
CISA-KR 문제 224
다음 중 IS 감사자가 경영진에게 IT 거버넌스 프레임워크 사용의 중요성을 강조해야 하는 가장 좋은 이유는 무엇입니까?
정답: B
The best reason for an IS auditor to emphasize to management the importance of using an IT governance framework is that frameworks can be tailored and optimized for different organizations. An IT governance framework is a set of principles, guidelines, and processes that help an organization align its IT strategy with its business goals, manage IT risks and performance, and deliver value from IT investments. An IT governance framework can be adapted and customized to suit the specific needs, context, and culture of each organization, taking into account factors such as size, industry, maturity, objectives, and stakeholders. An IT governance framework can also help an organization adopt best practices and standards from various sources, such as COBIT2, ITIL3, ISO/IEC 200004, and others.
The other options are not as good as option B, as they may not capture the full scope or benefits of using an IT governance framework. Frameworks enable IT benchmarks against competitors, but this is not the main purpose or advantage of using an IT governance framework. Frameworks help facilitate control self- assessments (CSAs), but this is only one aspect or tool of an IT governance framework. Frameworks help organizations understand and manage IT risk, but this is also only one outcome or objective of an IT governance framework.
References:
* 1: What is ITIL? Your guide to the IT Infrastructure Library | CIO
* 2: IT Governance Framework | Components | Framework | Terminology - EDUCBA
* 3: IT Governance: Definitions, Frameworks and Planning - ProjectManager
* 4: What Is IT Governance? - Definition from Techopedia
* 5: What is IT Governance? A formal way to align IT & business strategy | CIO
* 6: What Is IT Governance? - Definition from WhatIs.com
* 7: ISO/IEC 20000 Information Technology Service Management Systems Standard - ISO/IEC 20000 Portal
* 8: COBIT | Control Objectives for Information Technologies | ISACA
The other options are not as good as option B, as they may not capture the full scope or benefits of using an IT governance framework. Frameworks enable IT benchmarks against competitors, but this is not the main purpose or advantage of using an IT governance framework. Frameworks help facilitate control self- assessments (CSAs), but this is only one aspect or tool of an IT governance framework. Frameworks help organizations understand and manage IT risk, but this is also only one outcome or objective of an IT governance framework.
References:
* 1: What is ITIL? Your guide to the IT Infrastructure Library | CIO
* 2: IT Governance Framework | Components | Framework | Terminology - EDUCBA
* 3: IT Governance: Definitions, Frameworks and Planning - ProjectManager
* 4: What Is IT Governance? - Definition from Techopedia
* 5: What is IT Governance? A formal way to align IT & business strategy | CIO
* 6: What Is IT Governance? - Definition from WhatIs.com
* 7: ISO/IEC 20000 Information Technology Service Management Systems Standard - ISO/IEC 20000 Portal
* 8: COBIT | Control Objectives for Information Technologies | ISACA
CISA-KR 문제 225
데이터베이스 관리 시스템(DBMS)의 레코드 잠금 옵션은 다음과 같은 역할을 합니다.
정답: A
The record-locking option of a database management system (DBMS) serves to eliminate the risk of concurrent updates to a record by different users or transactions. Record locking is a technique of preventing simultaneous access to data in a database, to prevent inconsistent results1. For example, if two bank clerks try to update the same bank account for two different transactions, record locking can ensure that only one clerk can modify the record at a time, while the other has to wait until the lock is released. This way, the record will reflect both transactions correctly and avoid data corruption.
Record locking does not serve to allow database administrators (DBAs) to record the activities of users. This is a function of auditing or logging, which can track the actions performed by users on the database2. Record locking does not affect the ability of DBAs to monitor or audit user activities.
Record locking does not serve to restrict users from changing certain values within records. This is a function of access control or authorization, which can enforce rules or policies on what data users can view or modify2. Record locking does not affect the permissions or privileges of users on the database.
Record locking does not serve to allow users to lock others out of their files. This is a function of encryption or password protection, which can secure files from unauthorized access or modification3. Record locking does not affect the security or confidentiality of files on the database.
References:
Record locking - Wikipedia1
Database security - Wikipedia2
File system permissions - Wikipedia3
Record locking does not serve to allow database administrators (DBAs) to record the activities of users. This is a function of auditing or logging, which can track the actions performed by users on the database2. Record locking does not affect the ability of DBAs to monitor or audit user activities.
Record locking does not serve to restrict users from changing certain values within records. This is a function of access control or authorization, which can enforce rules or policies on what data users can view or modify2. Record locking does not affect the permissions or privileges of users on the database.
Record locking does not serve to allow users to lock others out of their files. This is a function of encryption or password protection, which can secure files from unauthorized access or modification3. Record locking does not affect the security or confidentiality of files on the database.
References:
Record locking - Wikipedia1
Database security - Wikipedia2
File system permissions - Wikipedia3
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