CISA-KR 문제 151
침투 테스트에 비해 취약성 스캐닝의 가장 큰 장점은 무엇입니까?
정답: D
The greatest advantage of vulnerability scanning over penetration testing is that the testing process can be automated to cover large groups of assets. Vulnerability scanning is an automated, high-level security test that reports its findings of known vulnerabilities in systems, networks, applications, and devices. Vulnerability scanning can be performed frequently, quickly, and efficiently to scan a large number of assets and identify potential weaknesses that need to be addressed. Vulnerability scanning can also help organizations comply with security standards and regulations, such as PCI DSS1.
The other options are not as advantageous as option D, as they may not reflect the true benefits or limitations of vulnerability scanning compared to penetration testing. The testing produces a lower number of false positive results, but this is not necessarily true, as vulnerability scanning may report vulnerabilities that are not exploitable or relevant in the context of the organization. Network bandwidth is utilized more efficiently, but this may not be a significant advantage, as vulnerability scanning may still consume considerable network resources depending on the scope and frequency of the scans. Custom-developed applications can be tested more accurately, but this is also not true, as vulnerability scanning may not be able to detect complex or unknown vulnerabilities that require manual analysis or exploitation.
References:
* 1: Vulnerability scanning vs penetration testing: What's the difference? | TechRepublic
* 2: Vulnerability Scanning vs. Penetration Testing - Fortinet
* 3: Penetration Test Vs Vulnerability Scan | Digital Defense
* 4: Penetration Testing vs. Vulnerability Scanning: What's the difference?
* 5: Penetration Testing vs. Vulnerability Scanning | Secureworks
* 6: PCI DSS Quick Reference Guide - PCI Security Standards Council
The other options are not as advantageous as option D, as they may not reflect the true benefits or limitations of vulnerability scanning compared to penetration testing. The testing produces a lower number of false positive results, but this is not necessarily true, as vulnerability scanning may report vulnerabilities that are not exploitable or relevant in the context of the organization. Network bandwidth is utilized more efficiently, but this may not be a significant advantage, as vulnerability scanning may still consume considerable network resources depending on the scope and frequency of the scans. Custom-developed applications can be tested more accurately, but this is also not true, as vulnerability scanning may not be able to detect complex or unknown vulnerabilities that require manual analysis or exploitation.
References:
* 1: Vulnerability scanning vs penetration testing: What's the difference? | TechRepublic
* 2: Vulnerability Scanning vs. Penetration Testing - Fortinet
* 3: Penetration Test Vs Vulnerability Scan | Digital Defense
* 4: Penetration Testing vs. Vulnerability Scanning: What's the difference?
* 5: Penetration Testing vs. Vulnerability Scanning | Secureworks
* 6: PCI DSS Quick Reference Guide - PCI Security Standards Council
CISA-KR 문제 152
다음 중 새로운 시스템의 혜택 실현을 측정하는 데 가장 유용한 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: C
This is the most helpful method for measuring benefits realization for a new system, because it involves evaluating the actual outcomes and impacts of the system after it has been implemented and used for a certain period of time. A post-implementation review can compare the actual benefits with the expected benefits that were defined in the business case or the benefits realization plan, and identify any gaps, issues, or opportunities for improvement. A post-implementation review can also assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction of the system's users, stakeholders, and customers, and provide feedback and recommendations for future enhancements or changes.
The other options are not as helpful as post-implementation review for measuring benefits realization for a new system:
* Function point analysis. This is a technique that measures the size and complexity of a software system based on the number and types of functions it provides. Function point analysis can help estimate the cost, effort, and time required to develop, maintain, or enhance a software system, but it does not measure the actual benefits or value that the system delivers to the organization or its users.
* Balanced scorecard review. This is a strategic management tool that measures the performance of an organization or a business unit based on four perspectives: financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth. A balanced scorecard review can help align the organization's vision, mission, and goals with its activities and outcomes, but it does not measure the specific benefits or impacts of a new system.
* Business impact analysis (BIA). This is a process that identifies and evaluates the potential effects of a disruption or disaster on the organization's critical business functions and processes. A BIA can help determine the recovery priorities, objectives, and strategies for the organization in case of an emergency, but it does not measure the benefits or value of a new system.
The other options are not as helpful as post-implementation review for measuring benefits realization for a new system:
* Function point analysis. This is a technique that measures the size and complexity of a software system based on the number and types of functions it provides. Function point analysis can help estimate the cost, effort, and time required to develop, maintain, or enhance a software system, but it does not measure the actual benefits or value that the system delivers to the organization or its users.
* Balanced scorecard review. This is a strategic management tool that measures the performance of an organization or a business unit based on four perspectives: financial, customer, internal process, and learning and growth. A balanced scorecard review can help align the organization's vision, mission, and goals with its activities and outcomes, but it does not measure the specific benefits or impacts of a new system.
* Business impact analysis (BIA). This is a process that identifies and evaluates the potential effects of a disruption or disaster on the organization's critical business functions and processes. A BIA can help determine the recovery priorities, objectives, and strategies for the organization in case of an emergency, but it does not measure the benefits or value of a new system.
CISA-KR 문제 153
소규모 사업 단위에서 통제 자체 평가(CSA) 프로그램을 구현하고 내부 감사 기능을 활용하여 매년 내부 통제를 테스트하고 있습니다. 다음 중 이 접근 방식의 가장 중요한 이점은 무엇입니까?
정답: B
The most significant benefit of implementing a control self-assessment (CSA) program and leveraging the internal audit function to test its internal controls annually is that risks are detected earlier. A CSA program is a process that enables business owners and managers to assess and improve their own internal controls on a regular basis, without relying on external auditors or consultants. A CSA program can help identify and mitigate risks, enhance performance, increase accountability, and foster a culture of control within the organization. By leveraging the internal audit function to test its internal controls annually, a small business unit can also obtain independent assurance and validation of its CSA results, as well as recommendations for improvement. This approach can help reduce compliance costs, as external audits may be less frequent or extensive. However, this is not the most significant benefit, as compliance costs are only one aspect of the total cost of risk. Business owners can also focus more on their core roles, as they can delegate some of their control responsibilities to their staff or teams through CSA. However, this is not the most significant benefit, as business owners still need to oversee and monitor their CSA activities and results, and ensure that they align with their strategic objectives and priorities. Line management may also be more motivated to avoid control exceptions, as they are directly involved in assessing and improving their own controls through CSA.
However, this is not the most significant benefit, as motivation alone may not be sufficient to ensure effective control design and operation. References: Info Technology & Systems Resources | COBIT, Risk, Governance
... - ISACA, IT Governance and Process Maturity
However, this is not the most significant benefit, as motivation alone may not be sufficient to ensure effective control design and operation. References: Info Technology & Systems Resources | COBIT, Risk, Governance
... - ISACA, IT Governance and Process Maturity
CISA-KR 문제 154
연간 내부 감사 계획을 개발하는 IS 감사원은 최고정보책임자(CIO)가 전년도의 많은 권장 사항을 처리하는 데 더 많은 시간이 필요하기 때문에 내년에는 IS 감사를 실시하지 말라고 요청했다는 사실을 알게 됩니다. 감사원은 다음 중 무엇을 먼저 해야 합니까?
정답: A
The auditor should first escalate to audit management to discuss the audit plan. This is because the audit plan should be based on a risk assessment and aligned with the organization's objectives and strategies. The auditor should not accept the CIO's request without proper justification and approval from the audit management, who are responsible for ensuring the audit plan's quality and independence. The auditor should also communicate the potential risks and implications of not conducting IS audits in the upcoming year, such as missing new or emerging threats, vulnerabilities, or compliance issues. References:
* CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 2, Section 2.11
* CISA Online Review Course, Domain 1, Module 1, Lesson 22
* CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 2, Section 2.11
* CISA Online Review Course, Domain 1, Module 1, Lesson 22
CISA-KR 문제 155
IS 감사원이 재무 감사팀이 애플리케이션을 신뢰할 수 있는지 평가하기 위해 고객의 아웃소싱 급여 시스템을 검토하고 있습니다. 다음 중 감사원의 가장 큰 우려 사항은 무엇일까요?
정답: C
The third-party contract has not been reviewed by the legal department is the auditor's greatest concern because it poses a significant legal and financial risk to the client. A third-party contract is a legally binding agreement between the client and the outsourced payroll provider that defines the scope, terms, and conditions of the service. A third-party contract should be reviewed by the legal department to ensure that it complies with the applicable laws and regulations, protects the client's interests and rights, and specifies the roles and responsibilities of both parties. A third-party contract that has not been reviewed by the legal department may contain clauses that are unfavorable, ambiguous, or contradictory to the client, such as:
Inadequate or unclear service level agreements (SLAs) that do not specify the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of the payroll service.
Insufficient or vague security and confidentiality provisions that do not safeguard the client's data and information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, or loss.
Unreasonable or excessive fees, penalties, or liabilities that may impose an undue financial burden on the client.
Limited or no audit rights that may prevent the client from verifying the effectiveness and compliance of the payroll provider's internal controls.
Inflexible or restrictive termination clauses that may limit the client's ability to cancel or switch to another payroll provider.
A third-party contract that has not been reviewed by the legal department may expose the client to various risks, such as:
Legal disputes or litigation with the payroll provider over contractual breaches or performance issues.
Regulatory fines or sanctions for noncompliance with tax, labor, or other laws and regulations related to payroll.
Financial losses or damages due to errors, fraud, or negligence by the payroll provider.
Reputation damage or customer dissatisfaction due to payroll errors or delays.
Therefore, an IS auditor should be highly concerned about a third-party contract that has not been reviewed by the legal department and recommend that the client seek legal advice before signing or renewing any contract with an outsourced payroll provider.
User access rights have not been periodically reviewed by the client is a moderate concern because it may indicate a lack of proper access control over the payroll system. User access rights are the permissions granted to users to access, view, modify, or delete data and information in the payroll system. User access rights should be periodically reviewed by the client to ensure that they are aligned with the user's roles and responsibilities, and that they are revoked or modified when a user changes roles or leaves the organization.
User access rights that are not periodically reviewed by the client may result in unauthorized or inappropriate access to payroll data and information, which may compromise its confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Payroll processing costs have not been included in the IT budget is a minor concern because it may indicate a lack of proper planning and allocation of IT resources for payroll processing. Payroll processing costs are the expenses incurred by the client for using an outsourced payroll service, such as fees, charges, taxes, or penalties. Payroll processing costs should be included in the IT budget to ensure that they are adequately estimated, monitored, and controlled. Payroll processing costs that are not included in the IT budget may result in unexpected or excessive costs for payroll processing, which may affect the client's profitability and cash flow.
The third-party contract does not comply with the vendor management policy is a low concern because it may indicate a lack of alignment between the client's vendor management policy and its actual vendor selection and evaluation process. A vendor management policy is a set of guidelines and procedures that governs how the client manages its relationship with its vendors, such as how to select, monitor, evaluate, and terminate vendors. A vendor management policy should be consistent with the client's business objectives, risk appetite, and regulatory requirements. A third-party contract that does not comply with the vendor management policy may result in suboptimal vendor performance or service quality, but it does not necessarily imply a breach of contract or a violation of law.
Inadequate or unclear service level agreements (SLAs) that do not specify the quality, timeliness, and accuracy of the payroll service.
Insufficient or vague security and confidentiality provisions that do not safeguard the client's data and information from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, or loss.
Unreasonable or excessive fees, penalties, or liabilities that may impose an undue financial burden on the client.
Limited or no audit rights that may prevent the client from verifying the effectiveness and compliance of the payroll provider's internal controls.
Inflexible or restrictive termination clauses that may limit the client's ability to cancel or switch to another payroll provider.
A third-party contract that has not been reviewed by the legal department may expose the client to various risks, such as:
Legal disputes or litigation with the payroll provider over contractual breaches or performance issues.
Regulatory fines or sanctions for noncompliance with tax, labor, or other laws and regulations related to payroll.
Financial losses or damages due to errors, fraud, or negligence by the payroll provider.
Reputation damage or customer dissatisfaction due to payroll errors or delays.
Therefore, an IS auditor should be highly concerned about a third-party contract that has not been reviewed by the legal department and recommend that the client seek legal advice before signing or renewing any contract with an outsourced payroll provider.
User access rights have not been periodically reviewed by the client is a moderate concern because it may indicate a lack of proper access control over the payroll system. User access rights are the permissions granted to users to access, view, modify, or delete data and information in the payroll system. User access rights should be periodically reviewed by the client to ensure that they are aligned with the user's roles and responsibilities, and that they are revoked or modified when a user changes roles or leaves the organization.
User access rights that are not periodically reviewed by the client may result in unauthorized or inappropriate access to payroll data and information, which may compromise its confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Payroll processing costs have not been included in the IT budget is a minor concern because it may indicate a lack of proper planning and allocation of IT resources for payroll processing. Payroll processing costs are the expenses incurred by the client for using an outsourced payroll service, such as fees, charges, taxes, or penalties. Payroll processing costs should be included in the IT budget to ensure that they are adequately estimated, monitored, and controlled. Payroll processing costs that are not included in the IT budget may result in unexpected or excessive costs for payroll processing, which may affect the client's profitability and cash flow.
The third-party contract does not comply with the vendor management policy is a low concern because it may indicate a lack of alignment between the client's vendor management policy and its actual vendor selection and evaluation process. A vendor management policy is a set of guidelines and procedures that governs how the client manages its relationship with its vendors, such as how to select, monitor, evaluate, and terminate vendors. A vendor management policy should be consistent with the client's business objectives, risk appetite, and regulatory requirements. A third-party contract that does not comply with the vendor management policy may result in suboptimal vendor performance or service quality, but it does not necessarily imply a breach of contract or a violation of law.
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