CISA-KR 문제 346
다음 중 데이터 마이그레이션 프로젝트의 첫 번째 단계는 무엇입니까?
정답: C
Data migration is the process of moving data from one system to another, which may involve changes in storage, database, or application. To perform a successful data migration, it is essential to understand the data structure of the new system, which defines how the data is organized, stored, and accessed. Understanding the new system's data structure will help determine the following aspects of the data migration project:
The scope and requirements of the data migration, such as what data needs to be migrated, how much data needs to be migrated, and what are the quality and performance expectations.
The data mapping and transformation rules, such as how the data elements from the source system correspond to the data elements in the target system, and what transformations or conversions are needed to ensure compatibility and consistency.
The data validation and testing methods, such as how to verify that the migrated data is accurate, complete, and functional in the new system, and how to identify and resolve any errors or issues.
Therefore, understanding the new system's data structure is a crucial first step in a data migration project, as it lays the foundation for the subsequent steps of data extraction, transformation, loading, validation, and testing.
The scope and requirements of the data migration, such as what data needs to be migrated, how much data needs to be migrated, and what are the quality and performance expectations.
The data mapping and transformation rules, such as how the data elements from the source system correspond to the data elements in the target system, and what transformations or conversions are needed to ensure compatibility and consistency.
The data validation and testing methods, such as how to verify that the migrated data is accurate, complete, and functional in the new system, and how to identify and resolve any errors or issues.
Therefore, understanding the new system's data structure is a crucial first step in a data migration project, as it lays the foundation for the subsequent steps of data extraction, transformation, loading, validation, and testing.
CISA-KR 문제 347
다음 중 IS 감사자가 계획된 IT 예산이 조직의 목표와 전략적 목적에 부합하는지 검토하는 데 가장 도움이 되는 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: A
Enterprise architecture (EA) is the most helpful to an IS auditor reviewing the alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. EA is a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a comprehensive approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy1. EA provides a blueprint for an effective IT strategy and guides the controlled evolution of IT in a way that delivers business benefit in a cost-effective way2. By reviewing the EA, the IS auditor can evaluate how well the planned IT budget supports the business vision, strategy, objectives, and capabilities of the organization.
The other options are not as helpful as EA for reviewing the alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. BIA is a process of determining the criticality of business activities and associated resource requirements to ensure operational resilience and continuity of operations during and after a business disruption3. BIA quantifies the impacts of disruptions on service delivery, risks to service delivery, and recovery time objectives (RTOs) and recovery point objectives (RPOs)3. BIA is useful for developing strategies, solutions, and plans for business continuity and disaster recovery, but it does not directly address the alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. Risk assessment report is a document that contains the results of performing a risk assessment or the formal output from the process of assessing risk4. Risk assessment is a method to identify, analyze, and control hazards and risks present in a situation or a place5. Risk assessment report is useful for identifying and mitigating potential threats and issues that are detrimental to the business or an enterprise, but it does not directly addressthe alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. Audit recommendations are guidance that highlights actions to be taken by management6. When implemented, process risks should be mitigated, and performance should be enhanced6. Audit recommendations are useful for improving the quality and reliability of the information system and its outputs, but they do not directly address the alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
The other options are not as helpful as EA for reviewing the alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. BIA is a process of determining the criticality of business activities and associated resource requirements to ensure operational resilience and continuity of operations during and after a business disruption3. BIA quantifies the impacts of disruptions on service delivery, risks to service delivery, and recovery time objectives (RTOs) and recovery point objectives (RPOs)3. BIA is useful for developing strategies, solutions, and plans for business continuity and disaster recovery, but it does not directly address the alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. Risk assessment report is a document that contains the results of performing a risk assessment or the formal output from the process of assessing risk4. Risk assessment is a method to identify, analyze, and control hazards and risks present in a situation or a place5. Risk assessment report is useful for identifying and mitigating potential threats and issues that are detrimental to the business or an enterprise, but it does not directly addressthe alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. Audit recommendations are guidance that highlights actions to be taken by management6. When implemented, process risks should be mitigated, and performance should be enhanced6. Audit recommendations are useful for improving the quality and reliability of the information system and its outputs, but they do not directly address the alignment of planned IT budget with the organization's goals and strategic objectives. Therefore, option A is the correct answer.
CISA-KR 문제 348
다음 중 공유 프린터에서 인쇄된 기밀 문서가 공개되는 것을 방지하는 방법은 무엇입니까?
정답: B
Requiring a key code to be entered on the printer to produce hard copy is a method to prevent disclosure of classified documents printed on a shared printer. This is because requiring a key code adds an extra layer of security and authentication to the printing process, ensuring that only authorized users can access and retrieve the printed documents. Requiring a key code also prevents unauthorized users from viewingor tampering with the documents while they are in the printer's queue or output tray1.
Using passwords to allow authorized users to send documents to the printer is not a sufficient method to prevent disclosure of classified documents printed on a shared printer. This is because passwords only protect the transmission of the documents from the user's computer to the printer, but they do not protect the documents once they are printed. Passwords can also be compromised or forgotten by users, making them vulnerable to unauthorized access or denial of service2.
Encrypting the data stream between the user's computer and the printer is not a sufficient method to prevent disclosure of classified documents printed on a shared printer. This is because encryption only protects the confidentiality and integrity of the documents while they are in transit, but they do not protect the documents once they are printed. Encryption can also introduce performance issues or compatibility problems with different printers or devices2.
Producing a header page with classification level for printed documents is not a method to prevent disclosure of classified documents printed on a shared printer. This is because producing a header page only informs the users about the sensitivity and handling of the documents, but it does not prevent unauthorized users from accessing or viewing them. Producing a header page can also waste paper and ink, as well asincrease the risk of misplacing or mixing up the documents
Using passwords to allow authorized users to send documents to the printer is not a sufficient method to prevent disclosure of classified documents printed on a shared printer. This is because passwords only protect the transmission of the documents from the user's computer to the printer, but they do not protect the documents once they are printed. Passwords can also be compromised or forgotten by users, making them vulnerable to unauthorized access or denial of service2.
Encrypting the data stream between the user's computer and the printer is not a sufficient method to prevent disclosure of classified documents printed on a shared printer. This is because encryption only protects the confidentiality and integrity of the documents while they are in transit, but they do not protect the documents once they are printed. Encryption can also introduce performance issues or compatibility problems with different printers or devices2.
Producing a header page with classification level for printed documents is not a method to prevent disclosure of classified documents printed on a shared printer. This is because producing a header page only informs the users about the sensitivity and handling of the documents, but it does not prevent unauthorized users from accessing or viewing them. Producing a header page can also waste paper and ink, as well asincrease the risk of misplacing or mixing up the documents
CISA-KR 문제 349
IS 감사원이 공급업체가 사업을 중단했고 에스크로에 이전 버전의 소스 코드가 있다는 것을 발견했습니다. 감사원이 조직에 대한 최상의 권장 사항은 무엇입니까?
정답: C
This means that the organization should obtain the source code from the escrow agent and compare it with the current version of the application that they are using. The organization should then identify and apply any changes or updates that are missing or different in the escrow version, so that it matches the current version.
This way, the organization can ensure that they have a complete and accurate copy of the source code that reflects their current needs and requirements.
Bringing the escrow version up to date can help the organization to avoid or reduce the risks and costs associated with using an outdated or incompatible version of the source code. For example, an older version of the source code may have bugs, errors, or vulnerabilities that could affect the functionality, security, or performance of the application. An older version of the source code may also lack some features, enhancements, or integrations that could improve the usability, efficiency, or value of the application. An older version of the source code may also not comply with some standards, regulations, or contracts that could affect the quality, reliability, or legality of the application1.
The other options are not as good as bringing the escrow version up to date for the organization. Option A, analyzing a new application that meets the current requirements, is a possible option but it may be more time- consuming, expensive, and risky than updating the existing application. The organization may have to go through a complex and lengthy process of selecting, acquiring, implementing, testing, and migrating to a new application, which could disrupt their operations and performance. The organization may also have to deal with compatibility, interoperability, or data quality issues when switching to a new application2. Option B, performing an analysis to determine the business risk, is a necessary step but not a recommendation for the organization. The organization should already be aware of the business risk of using an application whose vendor has gone out of business and whose escrow has an older version of the source code. The organization should focus on finding and implementing a solution to mitigate or eliminate this risk3. Option D, developing a maintenance plan to support the application using the existing code, is not a feasible option because it assumes that the organization has access to the existing code. However, this is not the case because the vendor has gone out of business and the escrow has an older version of the source code. The organization cannot support or maintain an application without having a complete and accurate copy of its source code.
References:
* How Important Is Source Code Escrow - ISACA1
* The What and Why of Source Code Escrow2
* Unlocking Source Code In Escrow 2023: A Guide To Secure Software3
This way, the organization can ensure that they have a complete and accurate copy of the source code that reflects their current needs and requirements.
Bringing the escrow version up to date can help the organization to avoid or reduce the risks and costs associated with using an outdated or incompatible version of the source code. For example, an older version of the source code may have bugs, errors, or vulnerabilities that could affect the functionality, security, or performance of the application. An older version of the source code may also lack some features, enhancements, or integrations that could improve the usability, efficiency, or value of the application. An older version of the source code may also not comply with some standards, regulations, or contracts that could affect the quality, reliability, or legality of the application1.
The other options are not as good as bringing the escrow version up to date for the organization. Option A, analyzing a new application that meets the current requirements, is a possible option but it may be more time- consuming, expensive, and risky than updating the existing application. The organization may have to go through a complex and lengthy process of selecting, acquiring, implementing, testing, and migrating to a new application, which could disrupt their operations and performance. The organization may also have to deal with compatibility, interoperability, or data quality issues when switching to a new application2. Option B, performing an analysis to determine the business risk, is a necessary step but not a recommendation for the organization. The organization should already be aware of the business risk of using an application whose vendor has gone out of business and whose escrow has an older version of the source code. The organization should focus on finding and implementing a solution to mitigate or eliminate this risk3. Option D, developing a maintenance plan to support the application using the existing code, is not a feasible option because it assumes that the organization has access to the existing code. However, this is not the case because the vendor has gone out of business and the escrow has an older version of the source code. The organization cannot support or maintain an application without having a complete and accurate copy of its source code.
References:
* How Important Is Source Code Escrow - ISACA1
* The What and Why of Source Code Escrow2
* Unlocking Source Code In Escrow 2023: A Guide To Secure Software3
CISA-KR 문제 350
사고 대응 계획의 주요 목적은 다음과 같습니다.
정답: A
The primary purpose of an incident response plan is to reduce the impact of an adverse event on information assets. An incident response plan is a set of instructions and procedures that guide the organization's actions in the event of a security breach, cyberattack, or other disruption that affects its information systems and data.
An incident response plan aims to:
Detect and identify the incident as soon as possible.
Contain and isolate the incident to prevent further damage or spread.
Analyze and investigate the incident to determine its cause, scope, and impact.
Eradicate and eliminate the incident and its root causes from the affected systems and data.
Recover and restore the normal operations and functionality of the systems and data.
Learn and improve from the incident by documenting the lessons learned, best practices, and recommendations for future prevention and mitigation.
By following an incident response plan, the organization can minimize the negative consequences of an adverse event on its information assets, such as:
Loss or corruption of data or information.
Disclosure or theft of confidential or sensitive data or information.
Interruption or degradation of system or service availability or performance.
Legal or regulatory noncompliance or liability.
Financial or reputational loss or damage.
An incident response plan also helps the organization to demonstrate its due diligence and accountability in protecting its information assets and complying with its legal and contractual obligations.
The other options are not the primary purpose of an incident response plan, although they may be secondary benefits or outcomes of having one.
Increasing the effectiveness of preventive controls is not the primary purpose of an incident response plan.
Preventive controls are controls that aim to prevent or deter incidents from occurring in the first place, such as firewalls, antivirus software, encryption, authentication, etc. An incident response plan is a reactive control that deals with incidents after they have occurred. However, an incident response plan may help to improve the effectiveness of preventive controls by identifying and addressing their weaknesses or gaps.
Reducing the maximum tolerable downtime (MTD) of impacted systems is not the primary purpose of an incident response plan. MTD is a measure of how long an organization can tolerate a system or service outage before it causes unacceptable harm or loss to its business operations or objectives. An incident response plan may help to reduce the MTD of impacted systems by facilitating a faster and smoother recovery process.
However, reducing the MTD is not the main goal of an incident response plan, but rather a desired outcome.
Increasing awareness of impacts from adverse events to IT systems is not the primary purpose of an incident response plan. Awareness is a state of being informed or conscious of something. An incident response plan may help to increase awareness of impacts from adverse events to IT systems by providing information and communication channels for stakeholders, such as management, employees, customers, regulators, etc.
However, increasing awareness is not the main objective of an incident response plan, but rather a means to achieve other objectives, such as reducing impact, ensuring compliance, or maintaining trust.
An incident response plan aims to:
Detect and identify the incident as soon as possible.
Contain and isolate the incident to prevent further damage or spread.
Analyze and investigate the incident to determine its cause, scope, and impact.
Eradicate and eliminate the incident and its root causes from the affected systems and data.
Recover and restore the normal operations and functionality of the systems and data.
Learn and improve from the incident by documenting the lessons learned, best practices, and recommendations for future prevention and mitigation.
By following an incident response plan, the organization can minimize the negative consequences of an adverse event on its information assets, such as:
Loss or corruption of data or information.
Disclosure or theft of confidential or sensitive data or information.
Interruption or degradation of system or service availability or performance.
Legal or regulatory noncompliance or liability.
Financial or reputational loss or damage.
An incident response plan also helps the organization to demonstrate its due diligence and accountability in protecting its information assets and complying with its legal and contractual obligations.
The other options are not the primary purpose of an incident response plan, although they may be secondary benefits or outcomes of having one.
Increasing the effectiveness of preventive controls is not the primary purpose of an incident response plan.
Preventive controls are controls that aim to prevent or deter incidents from occurring in the first place, such as firewalls, antivirus software, encryption, authentication, etc. An incident response plan is a reactive control that deals with incidents after they have occurred. However, an incident response plan may help to improve the effectiveness of preventive controls by identifying and addressing their weaknesses or gaps.
Reducing the maximum tolerable downtime (MTD) of impacted systems is not the primary purpose of an incident response plan. MTD is a measure of how long an organization can tolerate a system or service outage before it causes unacceptable harm or loss to its business operations or objectives. An incident response plan may help to reduce the MTD of impacted systems by facilitating a faster and smoother recovery process.
However, reducing the MTD is not the main goal of an incident response plan, but rather a desired outcome.
Increasing awareness of impacts from adverse events to IT systems is not the primary purpose of an incident response plan. Awareness is a state of being informed or conscious of something. An incident response plan may help to increase awareness of impacts from adverse events to IT systems by providing information and communication channels for stakeholders, such as management, employees, customers, regulators, etc.
However, increasing awareness is not the main objective of an incident response plan, but rather a means to achieve other objectives, such as reducing impact, ensuring compliance, or maintaining trust.
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