CISA-KR 문제 416
업무 분리와 관련된 위험에 대한 다음 대응책 중 초기 비용이 가장 적게 드는 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: A
Segregation of duties is a fundamental concept in cybersecurity and information security. It refers to the practice of dividing critical tasks and responsibilities among different individuals or roles within an organization to reduce the risk of fraud, error, or unauthorized activities1. Segregation of duties is designed to prevent unilateral actions within an organization's workflow, which can result in damaging events that would exceed the organization's risk tolerance2.
There are different types of responses to risk associated with segregation of duties, depending on the level of risk and the cost-benefit analysis. Some of the common responses are:
Risk acceptance: This means acknowledging a risk and deciding to tolerate it without taking any corrective actions. This response is usually chosen when the risk is low or the cost of mitigation is too high3.
Risk mitigation: This means taking steps ahead of time to lessen the effects of a risk and make it less likely to happen. Some examples of mitigation strategies are making backup plans, setting up early warning systems, and staying away from high-risk areas or activities4.
Risk transference: This means shifting the negative impact of a risk and/or the responsibility for managing the risk response to a third party. Some examples of transference strategies are outsourcing, insurance, or contracts5.
Risk reduction: This means reducing the probability and/or severity of the risk below a threshold of acceptability. Some examples of reduction strategies are implementing controls, policies, or procedures to prevent or detect risks6.
Based on these definitions, the response to risk associated with segregation of duties that would incur the lowest initial cost is A. Risk acceptance. This is because risk acceptance does not require any additional resources or actions to address the risk. However, risk acceptance also implies that the organization is willing to bear the consequences of the risk if it occurs, which could be costly in the long run.
Therefore, the correct answer to your question is A. Risk acceptance.
There are different types of responses to risk associated with segregation of duties, depending on the level of risk and the cost-benefit analysis. Some of the common responses are:
Risk acceptance: This means acknowledging a risk and deciding to tolerate it without taking any corrective actions. This response is usually chosen when the risk is low or the cost of mitigation is too high3.
Risk mitigation: This means taking steps ahead of time to lessen the effects of a risk and make it less likely to happen. Some examples of mitigation strategies are making backup plans, setting up early warning systems, and staying away from high-risk areas or activities4.
Risk transference: This means shifting the negative impact of a risk and/or the responsibility for managing the risk response to a third party. Some examples of transference strategies are outsourcing, insurance, or contracts5.
Risk reduction: This means reducing the probability and/or severity of the risk below a threshold of acceptability. Some examples of reduction strategies are implementing controls, policies, or procedures to prevent or detect risks6.
Based on these definitions, the response to risk associated with segregation of duties that would incur the lowest initial cost is A. Risk acceptance. This is because risk acceptance does not require any additional resources or actions to address the risk. However, risk acceptance also implies that the organization is willing to bear the consequences of the risk if it occurs, which could be costly in the long run.
Therefore, the correct answer to your question is A. Risk acceptance.
CISA-KR 문제 417
감사 대응의 일환으로 감사 대상자는 권장 사항에 대해 우려를 갖고 이를 구현하는 데 주저합니다. 다음 중 IS 감사자에게 가장 적합한 조치는 무엇입니까?
정답: C
Collaborative discussions help address the auditee's concerns, find mutually agreeable solutions, and create buy-in for implementing improvements.
References
ISACA CISA Review Manual (Current Edition) - Chapters on audit reporting and communication Auditing Standards - Emphasize the importance of understanding and addressing auditee concerns.
References
ISACA CISA Review Manual (Current Edition) - Chapters on audit reporting and communication Auditing Standards - Emphasize the importance of understanding and addressing auditee concerns.
CISA-KR 문제 418
다음 중 조직의 정보 보안 정책을 검토해야 할 필요성을 가장 잘 나타내는 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: D
CISA-KR 문제 419
비즈니스 인텔리전스 시스템을 통해 부정확하거나 오해의 소지가 있는 데이터가 급증하는 위험을 줄이는 가장 좋은 방법은 무엇입니까?
정답: A
The best way to reduce the risk of inaccurate or misleading data proliferating through business intelligence systems is to establish rules for converting data from one format to another, because this ensures that the data quality and integrity are maintained throughout the data transformation process. Data conversion rules define the standards, procedures, and methods for transforming data from different sources and formats into a common format andstructure that can be used by the business intelligence systems12. Implementing data entry controlsfor new and existing applications, implementing a consistent database indexing strategy, and developing a metadata repository to store and access metadata are not the best ways to reduce the risk of inaccurate or misleading dataproliferating through business intelligence systems, becausethey do not address the issue of dataconversion, which is a critical step in the data integration process for business intelligence systems. References: 1: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), Chapter 4, Section 4.3.3 2: CISA Online Review Course, Module 4, Lesson 3
CISA-KR 문제 420
다음 중 어떤 접근 방식이 데이터 분석을 활용하여 새 계정 생성 프로세스를 테스트하는 데 적합할까요?
정답: C
Data analytics is the process of collecting, transforming, analyzing, and visualizing data to gain insights and support decision making1. Data analytics can be used to facilitate the testing of a new account creation process by applying various techniques and methods to evaluate the quality, functionality, performance, and security of the process. One of the approaches that would utilize data analytics to test the new account creation process is to review new account applications submitted in the past month for invalid dates of birth.
This approach would involve the following steps:
Extract the data of new account applications from the source system, such as a database or a web service, using appropriate tools and methods.
Transform and clean the data to ensure its accuracy, completeness, consistency, and validity, using techniques such as data profiling, data cleansing, data mapping, and data validation2.
Analyze the data to identify any anomalies, errors, or outliers in the date of birth field, using methods such as descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, or anomaly detection3.
Visualize the data to present the findings and insights in a clear and understandable way, using tools and techniques such as charts, graphs, dashboards, or reports.
By reviewing new account applications submitted in the past month for invalid dates of birth, the tester can use data analytics to:
Verify if the new account creation process is working as expected and meets the business requirements and specifications for the date of birth field.
Detect any defects or issues in the new account creation process that may cause invalid dates of birth to be accepted or rejected incorrectly.
Measure and monitor the performance and reliability of the new account creation process in terms of data quality, accuracy, and completeness.
Evaluate and improve the test coverage and effectiveness of the new account creation process by identifying any gaps or risks in the test cases or scenarios.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Option A is not correct because attempting to submit new account applications with invalid dates of birth is not a data analytics approach, but a functional testing approach that involves executing test cases or scenarios manually or automatically to validate the behavior and functionality of the new account creation process.
Option B is not correct because reviewing the business requirements document for date of birth field requirements is not a data analytics approach, but a requirements analysis approach that involves examining and understanding the needs and expectations of the stakeholders for the new account creation process.
Option D is not correct because evaluating configuration settings for date of birth field requirements is not a data analytics approach, but a configuration testing approach that involves verifying if the settings and parameters of the new account creation process are correct and consistent with the requirements.
References:
What is Data Analytics? Definition & Examples1
Data Transformation: Definition & Examples2
Data Analysis: Definition & Examples3
Data Visualization: Definition & Examples
Functional Testing: Definition & Examples
Requirements Analysis: Definition & Examples
Configuration Testing: Definition & Examples
This approach would involve the following steps:
Extract the data of new account applications from the source system, such as a database or a web service, using appropriate tools and methods.
Transform and clean the data to ensure its accuracy, completeness, consistency, and validity, using techniques such as data profiling, data cleansing, data mapping, and data validation2.
Analyze the data to identify any anomalies, errors, or outliers in the date of birth field, using methods such as descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis, hypothesis testing, or anomaly detection3.
Visualize the data to present the findings and insights in a clear and understandable way, using tools and techniques such as charts, graphs, dashboards, or reports.
By reviewing new account applications submitted in the past month for invalid dates of birth, the tester can use data analytics to:
Verify if the new account creation process is working as expected and meets the business requirements and specifications for the date of birth field.
Detect any defects or issues in the new account creation process that may cause invalid dates of birth to be accepted or rejected incorrectly.
Measure and monitor the performance and reliability of the new account creation process in terms of data quality, accuracy, and completeness.
Evaluate and improve the test coverage and effectiveness of the new account creation process by identifying any gaps or risks in the test cases or scenarios.
Therefore, option C is the correct answer.
Option A is not correct because attempting to submit new account applications with invalid dates of birth is not a data analytics approach, but a functional testing approach that involves executing test cases or scenarios manually or automatically to validate the behavior and functionality of the new account creation process.
Option B is not correct because reviewing the business requirements document for date of birth field requirements is not a data analytics approach, but a requirements analysis approach that involves examining and understanding the needs and expectations of the stakeholders for the new account creation process.
Option D is not correct because evaluating configuration settings for date of birth field requirements is not a data analytics approach, but a configuration testing approach that involves verifying if the settings and parameters of the new account creation process are correct and consistent with the requirements.
References:
What is Data Analytics? Definition & Examples1
Data Transformation: Definition & Examples2
Data Analysis: Definition & Examples3
Data Visualization: Definition & Examples
Functional Testing: Definition & Examples
Requirements Analysis: Definition & Examples
Configuration Testing: Definition & Examples
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