CISA-KR 문제 131
데이터 센터의 물리적 액세스 로그 시스템은 방문자의 사진과 함께 각 방문자의 식별 문서 번호를 캡처합니다. 다음 샘플링 방법 중 IS 감사자가 시스템의 효과성에 대한 컴플라이언스 테스트를 수행하는 데 가장 유용한 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: C
Attribute sampling is a method of audit sampling that is used to test the effectiveness of controls by measuring the rate of deviation from a prescribed procedure or attribute. Attribute sampling is suitable for testing compliance with the data center's physical access log system, as the auditor can compare the identification document numbers and photos of the visitors with the records in the system and determine whether there are any discrepancies or errors. Attribute sampling can also provide an estimate of the deviation rate in the population and allow the auditor to draw a conclusion about the operating effectiveness of the control.
Variable sampling, on the other hand, is a method of audit sampling that is used to estimate the amount or value of a population by measuring a characteristic of interest, such as monetary value, quantity, or size.
Variable sampling is not appropriate for testing compliance with the data center's physical access log system, as the auditor is not interested in estimating the value of the population, but rather in testing whether the system is operating as intended.
Quota sampling and haphazard sampling are both examples of non-statistical sampling methods that do not use probability theory to select a sample. Quota sampling involves selecting a sample based on certain criteria or quotas, such as age, gender, or location. Haphazard sampling involves selecting a sample without any specific plan or method. Both methods are not suitable for testing compliance with the data center's physical access log system, as they do not ensure that the sample is representative of the population and do not allow the auditor to measure the sampling risk or project the results to the population.
Therefore, attribute sampling is the most useful sampling method for an IS auditor conducting compliance testing for the effectiveness of the data center's physical access log system.
References:
* Audit Sampling - What Is It, Methods, Example, Advantage, Reason
* ISA 530: Audit sampling | ICAEW
Variable sampling, on the other hand, is a method of audit sampling that is used to estimate the amount or value of a population by measuring a characteristic of interest, such as monetary value, quantity, or size.
Variable sampling is not appropriate for testing compliance with the data center's physical access log system, as the auditor is not interested in estimating the value of the population, but rather in testing whether the system is operating as intended.
Quota sampling and haphazard sampling are both examples of non-statistical sampling methods that do not use probability theory to select a sample. Quota sampling involves selecting a sample based on certain criteria or quotas, such as age, gender, or location. Haphazard sampling involves selecting a sample without any specific plan or method. Both methods are not suitable for testing compliance with the data center's physical access log system, as they do not ensure that the sample is representative of the population and do not allow the auditor to measure the sampling risk or project the results to the population.
Therefore, attribute sampling is the most useful sampling method for an IS auditor conducting compliance testing for the effectiveness of the data center's physical access log system.
References:
* Audit Sampling - What Is It, Methods, Example, Advantage, Reason
* ISA 530: Audit sampling | ICAEW
CISA-KR 문제 132
다음 중 조직이 클러스터링을 사용해야 하는 가장 좋은 이유는 무엇입니까?
정답: D
Clustering is a technique that groups multiple servers or nodes together to act as one system, providing high availability, scalability, and load balancing for applications or services. Clustering can improve system resiliency, which is the ability of a system to withstand or recover from failures or disruptions without compromising its functionality or performance. Clustering can achieve this by providing redundancy and fault tolerance for critical components or processes, enabling automatic failover and recovery in case of node failures, distributing workload among multiple nodes to avoid overloading or bottlenecks, and allowing dynamic addition or removal of nodes to meet changing demand or capacity needs. Clustering may also decrease system response time by improving performance and efficiency through load balancing and parallel processing, but this is not its primary purpose. Clustering may facilitate faster backups by enabling concurrent backup operations across multiple nodes, but this is not its main benefit. Clustering may improve the recovery time objective (RTO), which is the maximum acceptable time for restoring a system or service after a disruption, by reducing the downtime and data loss caused by failures, but this is not the best reason for using clustering, as there may be other factors that affect the RTO, such as backup frequency, recovery procedures, and testing methods.
CISA-KR 문제 133
다음 중 보안이 엄격한 구역에 대한 방문자 접근을 가장 효과적으로 통제하는 방법은 무엇입니까?
정답: A
The most effective control over visitor access to highly secured areas is to require visitors to be escorted by authorized personnel. This control ensures that visitors are supervised at all times and do not enter any restricted or sensitive areas without permission. It also allows authorized personnel to verify the identity, purpose, and clearance of the visitors, and to monitor their behavior and activities. Escorting visitors also reduces the risk of tailgating, piggybacking, or unauthorized duplication of access credentials.
Requiring visitors to use biometric authentication, monitoring visitors online by security cameras, and requiring visitors to enter through dead-man doors are all examples of technical controls that can enhance visitor access control, but they are not as effective as escorting visitors. Biometric authentication can provide a high level of identity verification, but it does not prevent visitors from accessing unauthorized areas or compromising security in other ways. Security cameras can provide a record of visitor movements and actions, but they may not deter or detect security breaches in real time. Dead-man doors can prevent unauthorized entry by requiring two-factor authentication, but they do not ensure that visitors are accompanied by authorized personnel.
References:
ISC Best Practices for Facility Access Control1
Visitor Management Best Practices From Top Organizations2
8 Best Practices for Setting Up a Visitor Management System3
Requiring visitors to use biometric authentication, monitoring visitors online by security cameras, and requiring visitors to enter through dead-man doors are all examples of technical controls that can enhance visitor access control, but they are not as effective as escorting visitors. Biometric authentication can provide a high level of identity verification, but it does not prevent visitors from accessing unauthorized areas or compromising security in other ways. Security cameras can provide a record of visitor movements and actions, but they may not deter or detect security breaches in real time. Dead-man doors can prevent unauthorized entry by requiring two-factor authentication, but they do not ensure that visitors are accompanied by authorized personnel.
References:
ISC Best Practices for Facility Access Control1
Visitor Management Best Practices From Top Organizations2
8 Best Practices for Setting Up a Visitor Management System3
CISA-KR 문제 134
다음 중 어느 테스트가 최근 서브루틴의 변경으로 인해 다른 서브루틴에서 발생한 오류를 감지할 가능성이 가장 높습니까?
정답: C
CISA-KR 문제 135
개인정보의 파기 기간 및 조건은 다음에서 정하여야 합니다.
정답: D
The business owner is the person or entity that has the authority and responsibility for defining the purpose and scope of the processing of personal data, as well as the expected outcomes and benefits. The business owner is also accountable for ensuring that the processing of personal data complies with the applicable laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the Data Protection Act 2018 (DPA 2018).
One of the requirements of the GDPR and the DPA 2018 is to adhere to the principle of storage limitation, which states that personal data should be kept for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for which it is processed1. This means that the business owner should determine and justify how long they need to retain personal data, based on factors such as:
The nature and sensitivity of the personal data
The legal or contractual obligations or rights that apply to the personal data The business or operational needs and expectations that depend on the personal data The risks and impacts that may arise from retaining or deleting the personal data The business owner should also establish and document the conditions and methods for the destruction of personal data, such as:
The criteria and triggers for deciding when to destroy personal data
The procedures and tools for securely erasing or anonymising personal data The roles and responsibilities for carrying out and overseeing the destruction of personal data The records and reports for verifying and evidencing the destruction of personal data Therefore, retention periods and conditions for the destruction of personal data should be determined by the business owner, as they are in charge of defining and managing the processing of personal data, as well as ensuring its compliance with the law.
One of the requirements of the GDPR and the DPA 2018 is to adhere to the principle of storage limitation, which states that personal data should be kept for no longer than is necessary for the purposes for which it is processed1. This means that the business owner should determine and justify how long they need to retain personal data, based on factors such as:
The nature and sensitivity of the personal data
The legal or contractual obligations or rights that apply to the personal data The business or operational needs and expectations that depend on the personal data The risks and impacts that may arise from retaining or deleting the personal data The business owner should also establish and document the conditions and methods for the destruction of personal data, such as:
The criteria and triggers for deciding when to destroy personal data
The procedures and tools for securely erasing or anonymising personal data The roles and responsibilities for carrying out and overseeing the destruction of personal data The records and reports for verifying and evidencing the destruction of personal data Therefore, retention periods and conditions for the destruction of personal data should be determined by the business owner, as they are in charge of defining and managing the processing of personal data, as well as ensuring its compliance with the law.
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