CISA-KR 문제 81
해커가 도메인 컨트롤러의 잘 알려진 취약점을 악용한 보안 침해에 이어 IS 감사는 제어 평가를 수행하도록 요청받았습니다. 감사인의 최선의 조치는 다음을 결정하는 것입니다.
정답: B
Explanation
The auditor's best course of action after a security breach in which a hacker exploited a well-known vulnerability in the domain controller is to determine if the logs were monitored. Log monitoring is an essential control for detecting and responding to security incidents, especially when known vulnerabilities exist in the system. The auditor should assess if the logs were properly configured, collected, reviewed, analyzed, and acted upon by the responsible parties. Updating patches, monitoring network traffic, and classifying domain controllers for high availability are also important controls, but they are not directly related to the detection and response of the security breach. References:
CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), page 301
CISA Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, question ID 3340
The auditor's best course of action after a security breach in which a hacker exploited a well-known vulnerability in the domain controller is to determine if the logs were monitored. Log monitoring is an essential control for detecting and responding to security incidents, especially when known vulnerabilities exist in the system. The auditor should assess if the logs were properly configured, collected, reviewed, analyzed, and acted upon by the responsible parties. Updating patches, monitoring network traffic, and classifying domain controllers for high availability are also important controls, but they are not directly related to the detection and response of the security breach. References:
CISA Review Manual (Digital Version), page 301
CISA Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, question ID 3340
CISA-KR 문제 82
인터넷 보안을 검토한 결과 사용자가 인터넷 서비스 제공자(ISP)의 개별 사용자 계정을 갖고 있으며 이 계정을 사용하여 비즈니스 데이터를 다운로드하는 것으로 나타났습니다. a. 조직은 회사 네트워크만 사용되도록 하려고 합니다. 조직은 먼저 다음을 수행해야 합니다.
정답: D
Explanation
The first step that the organization should take to ensure that only the corporate network is used for downloading business data is to include a statement in its security policy about Internet use. A security policy is a document that defines the rules, expectations, and overall approach that an organization uses to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its data1. A security policy should clearly state the acceptable and unacceptable use of Internet resources, such as personal accounts with ISPs, and the consequences of violating the policy. A security policy also helps to guide the implementation of technical controls, such as proxy servers, firewalls, or monitoring tools, that can enforce the policy and prevent or detect unauthorized Internet access.
The other options are not the first step that the organization should take, but rather subsequent or complementary steps that depend on the security policy. Using a proxy server to filter out Internet sites that should not be accessed is a technical control that can help implement the security policy, but it does not address the root cause of why users are using personal accounts with ISPs. Keeping a manual log of Internet access is a monitoring technique that can help audit the compliance with the security policy, but it does not prevent or deter users from using personal accounts with ISPs. Monitoring remote access activities is another monitoring technique that can help detect unauthorized Internet access, but it does not specify what constitutes unauthorized access or how to respond to it.
References:
ISACA CISA Review Manual 27th Edition (2019), page 247
What is a Security Policy? Definition, Elements, and Examples - Varonis1
The first step that the organization should take to ensure that only the corporate network is used for downloading business data is to include a statement in its security policy about Internet use. A security policy is a document that defines the rules, expectations, and overall approach that an organization uses to maintain the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of its data1. A security policy should clearly state the acceptable and unacceptable use of Internet resources, such as personal accounts with ISPs, and the consequences of violating the policy. A security policy also helps to guide the implementation of technical controls, such as proxy servers, firewalls, or monitoring tools, that can enforce the policy and prevent or detect unauthorized Internet access.
The other options are not the first step that the organization should take, but rather subsequent or complementary steps that depend on the security policy. Using a proxy server to filter out Internet sites that should not be accessed is a technical control that can help implement the security policy, but it does not address the root cause of why users are using personal accounts with ISPs. Keeping a manual log of Internet access is a monitoring technique that can help audit the compliance with the security policy, but it does not prevent or deter users from using personal accounts with ISPs. Monitoring remote access activities is another monitoring technique that can help detect unauthorized Internet access, but it does not specify what constitutes unauthorized access or how to respond to it.
References:
ISACA CISA Review Manual 27th Edition (2019), page 247
What is a Security Policy? Definition, Elements, and Examples - Varonis1
CISA-KR 문제 83
외부 검토 중에 IS 감사인이 조직 내에서 시스템 중요도를 분류하는 데 있어 일관성 없는 접근 방식을 관찰했습니다. 다음 중 시스템 중요도를 결정하기 위한 기본 요소로 권장되어야 하는 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: B
Explanation
The primary factor to determine system criticality within an organization is the maximum allowable downtime (MAD). MAD is the maximum time frame during which recovery must become effective before an outage compromises the ability of an organization to achieve its business objectives and/or survival. MAD reflects the business impact of a system outage on the organization's operations, reputation, compliance, and finances.
MAD can help to prioritize system recovery efforts, allocate resources, and establish recovery objectives.
The primary factor to determine system criticality within an organization is the maximum allowable downtime (MAD). MAD is the maximum time frame during which recovery must become effective before an outage compromises the ability of an organization to achieve its business objectives and/or survival. MAD reflects the business impact of a system outage on the organization's operations, reputation, compliance, and finances.
MAD can help to prioritize system recovery efforts, allocate resources, and establish recovery objectives.
CISA-KR 문제 84
시스템 개발의 마지막 단계를 감사할 때 다음 중 가장 중요한 고려 사항은 무엇입니까?
정답: D
Explanation
When auditing the closing stages of a system development project, the most important consideration should be the user acceptance test (UAT) results. The UAT is a critical phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC) that ensures that the system meets the functional requirements and expectations of the end users. The UAT results provide evidence of the system's quality, performance, usability, and reliability. Control requirements, rollback procedures, and functional requirements documentation are also important considerations, but they are not as crucial as the UAT results in determining if the system is ready for deployment. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, page 325.
When auditing the closing stages of a system development project, the most important consideration should be the user acceptance test (UAT) results. The UAT is a critical phase of the system development life cycle (SDLC) that ensures that the system meets the functional requirements and expectations of the end users. The UAT results provide evidence of the system's quality, performance, usability, and reliability. Control requirements, rollback procedures, and functional requirements documentation are also important considerations, but they are not as crucial as the UAT results in determining if the system is ready for deployment. References: CISA Review Manual (Digital Version)1, page 325.
CISA-KR 문제 85
다음 중 직원 소유 모바일 장치에 푸시된 기업 애플리케이션의 보안을 유지하기 위한 BE ST 방법을 제공하는 것은 무엇입니까?
정답: B
Explanation
The best method for maintaining the security of corporate applications pushed to employee-owned mobile devices is implementing mobile device management (MDM). MDM is a software solution that allows an organization to remotely manage, configure, and secure the mobile devices that access its network and data.
MDM can help protect corporate applications on employee-owned devices by:
Enforcing security policies and settings, such as encryption, password, firewall, antivirus, and VPN.
Controlling the installation, update, and removal of corporate applications and data.
Separating corporate and personal data and applications on the device using containers or profiles.
Monitoring and auditing the device's compliance status, activity, and location.
Performing remote actions, such as lock, wipe, backup, or restore, in case of loss, theft, or compromise.
MDM can provide a comprehensive and centralized approach to maintain the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, regardless of the device type, platform, or ownership. MDM can also help the organization comply with regulatory and industry standards for data protection and privacy.
Enabling remote data destruction capabilities is a useful feature for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, but it is not the best method by itself. Remote data destruction allows the organization to erase the corporate data and applications from the device in case of loss, theft, or compromise. However, this feature does not prevent unauthorized access or misuse of the corporate data and applications before they are destroyed. Remote data destruction is usually part of an MDM solution.
Disabling unnecessary network connectivity options is a good practice for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, but it is not the best method by itself. Network connectivity options, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, or USB, can expose the device to potential attacks or data leakage. Disabling these options when they are not needed can reduce the attack surface and improve battery life. However, this practice does not address other security risks or requirements for the corporate applications on the device. Disabling network connectivity options can also be part of an MDM solution.
Requiring security awareness training for mobile users is an important measure for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, but it is not the best method by itself. Security awareness training can educate the users about the potential threats and best practices for using their devices securely. It can also help foster a culture of security and responsibility among the users. However, security awareness training cannot guarantee that the users will follow the security policies and guidelines consistently and correctly. Security awareness training should be complemented by technical controls, such as MDM.
References:
Protecting Corporate Data on Mobile Devices for All Companies1
Mobile Device Security: Corporate-Owned Personally-Enabled (COPE)23
The best method for maintaining the security of corporate applications pushed to employee-owned mobile devices is implementing mobile device management (MDM). MDM is a software solution that allows an organization to remotely manage, configure, and secure the mobile devices that access its network and data.
MDM can help protect corporate applications on employee-owned devices by:
Enforcing security policies and settings, such as encryption, password, firewall, antivirus, and VPN.
Controlling the installation, update, and removal of corporate applications and data.
Separating corporate and personal data and applications on the device using containers or profiles.
Monitoring and auditing the device's compliance status, activity, and location.
Performing remote actions, such as lock, wipe, backup, or restore, in case of loss, theft, or compromise.
MDM can provide a comprehensive and centralized approach to maintain the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, regardless of the device type, platform, or ownership. MDM can also help the organization comply with regulatory and industry standards for data protection and privacy.
Enabling remote data destruction capabilities is a useful feature for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, but it is not the best method by itself. Remote data destruction allows the organization to erase the corporate data and applications from the device in case of loss, theft, or compromise. However, this feature does not prevent unauthorized access or misuse of the corporate data and applications before they are destroyed. Remote data destruction is usually part of an MDM solution.
Disabling unnecessary network connectivity options is a good practice for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, but it is not the best method by itself. Network connectivity options, such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, NFC, or USB, can expose the device to potential attacks or data leakage. Disabling these options when they are not needed can reduce the attack surface and improve battery life. However, this practice does not address other security risks or requirements for the corporate applications on the device. Disabling network connectivity options can also be part of an MDM solution.
Requiring security awareness training for mobile users is an important measure for maintaining the security of corporate applications on employee-owned devices, but it is not the best method by itself. Security awareness training can educate the users about the potential threats and best practices for using their devices securely. It can also help foster a culture of security and responsibility among the users. However, security awareness training cannot guarantee that the users will follow the security policies and guidelines consistently and correctly. Security awareness training should be complemented by technical controls, such as MDM.
References:
Protecting Corporate Data on Mobile Devices for All Companies1
Mobile Device Security: Corporate-Owned Personally-Enabled (COPE)23
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