A. The process of establishing a LSP is actually to bind the FEC to the tag and advertise this binding to the LSP upstream LSR process.

B. By default, LSRs are for the same FEC, and the received tag mappings can only come from the optimal next hop, not from the non-optimal next hop.

C. When a network topology change causes the next hop neighbor to change, the free label keep method is used. LSR can quickly rebuild the LSP by directly using the labels sent by the original non-optimal next-hop neighbor. Liberal needs more memory and tag space.

D. In the DoD mode of label publishing, for a specific FEC, the LSR does not need to obtain a label request message from upstream to distribute the label.

A. When the group shake source sends IP6 multicast data, the TTL value of the packet is set to limit the transmission range of the group shake

B. Multicast scope is just a concept of spreading scope, and there is no specific technical implementation.

C. There is a special field in the IPv6 multicast address that specifies the propagation range of multicast.

D. During network configuration, the administrator uses the configuration command at the edge of the network to limit the multicast scope.

A. R2 is 600ms

B. R1 Detection time for BFD packets The detection time for BFD packets for 660ms

C. Detection time for BFD packets for AR2 800ms

D. R1 Detection time for BFD packets for 1280ms

A. Tunneling Technology

B. Compatible with Technology

C. Dual-stack technology

D. Conversion Technology

A. All VLANs share a spanning tree instance

B. Each VLAN has one spanning tree instance

C. Multiple VLANs share a spanning tree instance

D. Multiple bridges share a spanning tree instance