A. DSCP can represent the data priority as well as the packet drop probability

B. When the DSCP value is EF, data is forwarded in expedited forwarding mode

C. The DSCP value can be 0. When the value is 0, the default packet forwarding mechanism is used

D. CS in DSCP classifies data based on eight priorities

A. Host MAC address advertisement

B. Host ARP advertisement

C. Host IP route advertisement

D. BUM packet forwarding

A. The message sent by R1 R2 CSNP is a message.

B. The message sent by the R1 R2 LSP is a packet.

C. The message sent by R1 R2 Hello is the message.

D. The message sent by the R1 R2 PSNP is a message.

A. By default, the policy for manually configuring LDP FRR specifies that backup routes with 32-bit addresses should trigger the setup of a backup LDP LSP.

B. Synchronization between LDP and IGP requires suppression of IGP route advertisement to achieve consistent LDP and IGP.

C. LDP Graceful Restart (GR) leverages the separation of the forwarding plane and control plane by MPLS to ensure uninterrupted traffic transmission during a protocol restart or active/standby switchover.

D. LDP FRR can generate an LSP as the backup of the primary LSP based on Label Mapping messages that are not from the optimal next hop. LDP FRR establishes forwarding entries for the backup LSP.

A. A transit node replaces a label on the top of the label stack in an MPLS packet with the label assigned by the next hop.

B. By default, the egress node supporting PHP allocates the label with the value of 3 to the penultimate hop.

C. When an IP packet enters an MPLS domain, the MPLS edge device inserts a new label between the Layer 2 header and the IP header of the packet.

D. When an IP packet enters an MPLS domain, the device checks whether the tunnel ID corresponding to the destination IP address of the packet is 0x0. If so, the MPLS forwarding process starts.